The World Radiocommunication Conference 2015 (WRC-15) identified a number of frequency bands between 24 and 86 GHz as candidate frequencies for future cellular networks. In this article, an extensive review of propagation characteristics and challenges related to the use of millimeter wave (mm-wave) in future wireless systems is presented. Reference to existing path-loss models including atmospheric and material attenuation in recommendations of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in Geneva, Switzerland, is given, and the need for new multidimensional models and measurements is identified. A description of state-of-the-art mm-wave channel sounders for single and multiple antenna measurements is followed by a discussion of the most recent deterministic, semideterministic, and stochastic propagation and channel models. Finally, standardization issues are outlined with recommendations for future research.

Recent advances in the photonics and optics industries have produced great demand for ever more sophisticated optical devices, such as photonic crystals. However, photonic crystals are notoriously difficult to manufacture. Increasingly, therefore, researchers have turned towards naturally occurring photonic structures for inspiration and a wide variety of elaborate techniques have been attempted to copy and harness biological processes to manufacture artificial photonic structures. Here, we describe a simple, direct process for producing an artificial photonic device by using a naturally occurring structure from the wings of the butterfly Papilio blumei as a template and low-temperature atomic layer deposition of $\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_2$ to create a faithful cast of the structure. The optical properties of the organic-inorganic diffraction structures produced are assessed by normal-incidence specular reflectance and found to be well described by multilayer computation method using a two-dimensional photonic crystal model. Depending on the structural integrity of the initially sealed scale, it was found possible not only to replicate the outer but also the inner and more complex surfaces of the structure, each resulting in distinct multicolor optical behavior as revealed by experimental and theoretical data. In this paper, we also explore tailoring the process to design composite skeleton architectures with desired optical properties and integrated multifunctional (mechanical, thermal, optical, fluidic) properties.

An original all-dielectric design that performs cloaking at 0.58 THz is demonstrated. The cloak consists of radially positioned micrometer-sized ferroelectric cylinders which exhibit under Mie theory a strong magnetic resonance. Full-wave simulations coupled with a field-summation retrieval technique were employed to adjust the rods magnetic plasma frequency; hence, the radial distribution in the permeability of the cloak. The behavior of the complete micro-structured device was simulated and results unambiguously show good reconstruction of the E-field wavefronts behind the cloak with high power transmission. This all-dielectric configuration provides an attractive route for designing cloaking devices at microwave and terahertz frequencies.

We report on the tunability, by a magnetic field, of a negative permeability metamaterial consisting of stacked arrays of broadside-coupled split ring resonators infiltrated with liquid crystals (LCs). The resonant frequency shift was numerically assessed by a rigorous anisotropic analysis of the reorientation of LC molecules. Experiments were carried out with a prototype designed and fabricated for $X$ -band operation and infiltrated with a nematic compound with optical birefringence $\Delta n=0.18$ . Scattering parameters vectorial analysis shows a good agreement between the resonant frequency shifts predicted under anisotropic conditions and those measured under static magnetic control.

In this paper, a novel pilot-aided algorithm is developed for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) systems operating in a fast time-varying environment. The algorithm has been designed to work with both the parametric L -path channel model (with known path delays) and the equivalent discrete-time channel model to jointly estimate the multipath Rayleigh channel complex amplitude (CA) and the carrier frequency offset (CFO). Each CA time variation within one OFDM symbol is approximated by a basis expansion model representation. An autoregressive model is built for the parameters to be estimated. The algorithm performs estimation using extended Kalman filtering. The channel matrix is thus easily computed, and the data symbol is estimated without intercarrier interference (ICI) when the channel matrix is QR-decomposed. It is shown that our algorithm is far more robust to high speed than the conventional algorithm, and the performance approaches that of the ideal case for which the channel response and CFO are known.

This work presents an analysis of dense multipath components (DMC) in an industrial workshop. Radio channel sounding was performed with a vector network analyzer and virtual antenna arrays. The specular and dense multipath components were estimated with the RiMAX algorithm. The DMC covariance structure of the RiMAX data model was validated. Two DMC parameters were studied: the distribution of radio channel power between specular and dense multipath, and the DMC reverberation time. The DMC power accounted for 23% to 70% of the total channel power. A significant difference between DMC powers in line-of-sight and nonline-of-sight was observed, which can be largely attributed to the power of the line-of-sight multipath component. In agreement with room electromagnetics theory, the DMC reverberation time was found to be nearly constant. Overall, DMC in the industrial workshop is more important than in office environments: it occupies a fraction of the total channel power that is 4% to 13% larger. The industrial environment absorbs on average 29% of the electromagnetic energy compared to 45%-51% for office environments in literature: this results in a larger reverberation time in the former environment. These findings are explained by the highly cluttered and metallic nature of the workshop.