This work aims to show a theoretical model of community-based tourism, to explain its component subsystems, to provide its theoretical–methodological foundation and to discuss the indications of its practical instrumentation in facing the changes that tourism of the future imposes and will impose. The research was carried out in the tourist context of Ecuador, for which the deductive method was applied, which allowed for examining the problem, and the more general theories related to tourist activity, which allowed for identifying the premises and objectives of the work to reach accurate conclusions on the subject studied. This was a mixed investigation that allowed for integrating the contributions of qualitative and quantitative analyses in the treatment and processing of information. The results included achieving systematization of the theoretical models linked to community-based tourism and, from a practical point of view, obtaining a new model of community-based tourism, a graphic representation of the subsystems that form this model, and its arguments. The findings show the need to update the community-based tourism model as a contribution to the scientific development of tourism as well as the systemic nature of its components from a new perspective of analysis that considers the need for changes as a developmental factor.

El pronóstico de la demanda turística además de una herramienta básica para la toma de decisiones en el contexto del sistema turístico, permite el crecimiento económico de muchos países. Por ello, es relevante prever la demanda turística mundial a partir de su clasificación, enfoques, modelos de pronóstico y planeamiento, segmentación e impactos en las condiciones actuales, así como las nuevas tendencias en los próximos años. El presente artículo realiza un estudio exploratorio de carácter documental, elaborado a partir de documentos publicados en revistas indexadas, donde se parte de reflexiones teóricas sobre el tema para valorar la incidencia en la gestión y comercialización de productos y servicios del turismo con alcance global. La teoría refleja los elementos básicos necesarios para proyectar el trabajo de los destinos turísticos en función de la demanda, con vistas a contribuir al desarrollo local y aumentar el nivel de vida de la población del planeta. Se tienen en cuenta además las proyecciones de la Organización Mundial del Turismo en las condiciones existentes. Las conclusiones del trabajo expresan la importancia del estudio de la demanda turística para mejorar la competitividad y la comercialización de los destinos turísticos del mundo en la actualidad.

Sustainable development has become the aspiration of many developing countries like Ecuador. The introduction of Bachelor of Tourism studies at the Technical University of Manabí is compatible with this interest and provides a challenge for teachers in the application of integrative and innovative teaching methods, which promote the training of professionals with high scientific, technical and professional rigor in the exercise of different professions. To achieve this, the pedagogical group started from three fundamental principles, which are based on the application of teaching work methods and procedures, based on the establishment of the interaction between the various factors that directly and indirectly influence the training process of professionals in the tourism sector. The results, both in the comprehensive evaluation processes of the academic performance of the teachers and in the level of satisfaction of the students of the course, support the application of these teaching–learning methods and highlight the convenience of extending these experiences and research results to other vocational training centers for tourism activity.

Sustainable development has become the aspiration of many developing countries, including Ecuador. The introduction of Bachelor of Tourism studies at the Technical University of Manabí aligns with this interest, implying a challenge for teachers regarding the application of integrative and innovative teaching methods that promote the training of professionals with high scientific rigor, both in technical and professional senses. To achieve this, the pedagogical group started from three fundamental principles based on the application of teaching work methods and pro-cedures, as well as the determination of interactions between the various factors that directly and indirectly influence the training process of professionals in the tourism sector. The results of comprehensive evaluation processes considering both the academic performance of the teachers and the level of satisfaction of students taking the course support the application of these teaching–learning methods, as well as highlighting the convenience of extending the experiences and re-search results of the pedagogical team to other vocational training centers for tourism activities.

El presente artículo muestra el diseño del Sistema de Capacitación en Educación Ambiental para el Desarrollo Sostenible del turismo en Villa Clara, Cuba. Lo sustentan el estudio de periodización y la sistematización de experiencias de capacitación en Educación Ambiental para el Desarrollo Sostenible, EApDS, en el turismo y contiene propuestas de sistema de categorías y subcategorías de diagnóstico y evaluación, y el diseño de materiales de apoyo, instrumentos y herramientas complementarias. Diseñado por la metodología de Lorences, el sistema lo componen cuatro subsistemas: diagnóstico, organización y planificación, formas organizativas y, evaluación, control y divulgación. El aporte del sistema emana de la identificación y estudio de las condiciones y objetos independientes en la capacitación, en interconexión y sinergia, expresadas en la relación entre las formas organizativas construidas con el tema de cambio climático como eje transversal y en la relación entre los subsistemas y acciones que lo integran y cuya estructuración sustituye el empirismo y espontaneidad precedente en la capacitación en Educación Ambiental para el Desarrollo Sostenible del turismo en Villa Clara, con impacto significativo en la mejora del desempeño ambiental del sector en el territorio..Palabras clave: sistema de capacitación; educación ambiental; sostenibilidad; categorías; diagnóstico; turismo.AbstractPresently article shows up the design of the System of Qualification in Environmental Education for the Sustainable Development of the tourism in Villa Clara, Cuba. They sustain it the periodization study and the systematizing of qualification experiences in Environmental Education for the Sustainable Development in the tourism and it contains proposals of system of categories and diagnosis subcategories and evaluation, and the design of support materials, instruments and complementary tools. Designed by the methodology of Lorences, the System composes it four subsystems (diagnosis, organization and planning, organizational forms and evaluation, control and popularization. The contribution of the System emanates of the identification and study of the conditions and independent objects in the qualification, in interconnection and synergy, expressed in the relationship among the organizational built forms with the topic of climatic change as traverse axis and in the relationship among the subsystems and actions that integrate it and whose structuring substitutes the empiricism and precedent spontaneity in the qualification in Environmental Education for the Sustainable Development of the tourism in Villa Clara, with significant impact in the improvement of the environmental acting of the sector in the territory.Keywords: training system; environmental education; sustainability; categories; diagnosis; tourism.

Organizational structure (OS) is the foundation upon which organizations are built, and for universities, it also reflects their educational and social framework. This study focuses on research trends from 2014 to 2024 regarding university organizational structures (UOS). A bibliometric analysis of 647 documents retrieved from Scopus formed the basis of the methodology. This analysis employed VOSviewer to assess production, impact, and collaboration metrics, in addition to evaluating keyword co-occurrence and author co-citations. The results classify UOS as a motor theme with a growing trend, predominantly featuring authors, journals, and affiliations from the United States of America (USA), and countries from Asia and Europe. A small number of sources concentrate scientific production and although no major producers are identified, thematic leaders of collaborative nuclei are recognized for their study. The conclusions underscore the substantial interrelationship of UOS with knowledge management, human resource management, information systems, educational processes, quality assurance, and sustainability. Thus, the continued pertinence of this trend, in subsequent investigations within the realm of university and higher education, is anticipated.