Deep learning has been widely used in different fields such as computer vision and speech processing. The performance of deep learning algorithms is greatly affected by their hyperparameters. For complex machine learning models such as deep neural networks, it is difficult to determine their hyperparameters. In addition, existing hyperparameter optimization algorithms easily converge to a local optimal solution. This paper proposes a method for hyperparameter optimization that combines the Sparrow Search Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization, called the Hybrid Sparrow Search Algorithm. This method takes advantages of avoiding the local optimal solution in the Sparrow Search Algorithm and the search efficiency of Particle Swarm Optimization to achieve global optimization. Experiments verified the proposed algorithm in simple and complex networks. The results show that the Hybrid Sparrow Search Algorithm has the strong global search capability to avoid local optimal solutions and satisfactory search efficiency in both low and high-dimensional spaces. The proposed method provides a new solution for hyperparameter optimization problems in deep learning models.

In this paper, we study the finite-time formation control problem of uncertain nonholonomic mobile robots following a parameterized path. A path-guided formation control scheme based on an extended state observer is proposed. To compensate for unmeasured velocities and disturbances simultaneously, a third-order fast finite-time extended state observer (FFTESO) is proposed. Then, a distributed formation control solution is developed to achieve the kinematic and dynamic system coordination control of the nonholonomic mobile robots. For the kinematic system control, a path-parameter-updating law is developed for a virtual leader, and the desired linear velocity and heading angle are developed for the mobile robots. For the kinetic control, an anti-disturbance control protocol is designed based on the estimated signals. The salient features of the proposed algorithms lie in that the estimations of disturbances and unmeasured velocities are achieved against the system’s nonholonomic constraints, and the path following the control and cooperative control is synthesized together for path-guided formation, which reduces the complexity of the controller design. Finally, simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.