With the coal mines in western China entering the field of deep mining, the problem of coal burst is becoming more and more serious. According to the characteristics of deep mining, it is an urgent problem that requires the development of an efficient and reasonable coal burst prevention and control plan to guide project practices. This study takes the typical deep mining area in Ordos as the research background, according to the stress state of the coal mining area and the load form of induced coal burst, which, in Ordos deep mining, is divided into the typical and atypical type. The former is caused by the superposition of high in situ stress and strong mining-induced stress, while the latter is due to the combination of high in situ stress, strong mining-induced stress, and external stress disturbances. Combined with theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field measurement, it is shown that the stress level of the Ordos deep mining area is higher than that of the shallow original rock, and the difference of the three-dimensional stress between coal and rock mass is greater. The concentration degree and influence range of mining-induced stress obviously increase. Coal and rock mass are more prone to instability and failure due to external disturbances. Based on the stress control theory, the prevention and control strategies of coal burst in different types of deep mining are put forward. In addition, the prevention and control technology system of coal burst in the Ordos deep mining area is established. The field engineering practice has been carried out to realize the efficient prevention and control of coal burst.

The conventional fracture in shale hydraulic fracturing belongs to the type-I fracture, and the size of the fracture process zone (FPZ) is an important index to measure the fracability of rock mass. This index is also one of the feasible entry points to study the complexity of the fracture network. In order to visually observe the type-I FPZ at the tip of shale fractures, and to study the relationship between the mechanical properties, the shape and size of the FPZ, and the bedding structure, Notched Semi-Circular Bend (NSCB) tests were conducted with three typical fracture direction-bedding orientations (splitter, arrester, divider). The digital image correlation (DIC) method was used to realize the intuitive observation of the real fracture process and the FPZ near the fracture tip. The test found that the FPZ of shale is narrow and long as a whole and is “flame-like”. The height-to-length ratio of the FPZ at the fracture tip determines whether bending and deflection happen between the new fracture and the prefabricated cracks when the fracture occurs. Most of the specimens often appear in the FPZ with a beaded high shear strain zone before the fracture, which is caused by the oblique communication of micro-cracks in the FPZ before the fracture. The appearance of a beaded zone of high shear strain indicates that macroscopic fracture is imminent. The research results can be used for the design of disaster early warning and prevention programs.

During coal mining, the mechanical and deformation behavior of the overburden is affected by water and stress. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the mechanical behavior of the surrounding rock under the action of hydraulic coupling. For high-intensity mining with shallow coal seam and large mining and strong strata behavior in stope, the hydraulic support is often damaged. Based on basic experiments and physical similarity simulations, overburden fracture in shallow coal seam in western mining area under hydraulic coupling was studied. The results show that under the loading rate range of 0.5~5 mm/min, the compressive strength of sandstone increases with the loading rate. The faster the loading rate, the shorter the duration of the rock sample being loaded and damaged, and the fewer the acoustic emission events. The first weighting step of the main roof of the working face is 54 m, the periodic weighting step is 12.75~28 m, and the average periodic weighting step is 22 m. There are only caving zone and fractured zone in the overburden of working face; the height of caving zone and fractured zone is 60 m and 168 m, respectively. The strength of the saturated sample is significantly reduced. During the excavation of the working face, the temperature difference between the fracture and the overburden value is ≥1°C, which can be used as a threshold for judging the development range of overburden fracture in similar simulation experiments.