Electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) represents a promising strategy for utilizing CO2, an industrial waste, as an abundant and cheap carbon source for organic synthesis as well as storing intermittent renewable electricity from renewable sources. Efficient electrocatalysts allowing CO2 to be reduced selectively and actively are crucial since the ECR is a complex and sluggish process producing a variety of products. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalentorganic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as versatile materials applicable in many fields due to their unique properties including high surface areas and tunable pore channels. Besides, the emerging reticular chemistry makes tuning their features on the atomic/molecular levels possible, thereby lending credence to the prospect of their utilizations. Herein, an overview of recent progress in employing framework material-based catalysts, including MOFs, COFs and their derivatives, for ECR is provided. The pertinent challenges, future trends, and opportunities associated with those systems are also discussed.
Ptychography, a lensless imaging technology with large field of view (FOV), has been extensively developed in the past decades. However, the demanding coherence of the light source restrains its application in the field of ultrafast imaging, as short light pulses have broad spectral bandwidth and thus poor temporal coherence. Here, we demonstrated the implementation of ultrafast imaging with large FOV by monochromatizing the polychromatic ptychographic diffraction patterns. This scheme relaxes the requirement of bandwidth and successfully realizes the millimeter-scale FOV imaging using ultrashort pulses, while maintaining the good spatial resolution of the order of diffraction limit. Due to the use of a precisely sampled spectrum, the illumination information can be accurately captured allowing more reliable imaging process. Experimental results show that satisfactory spatial resolution can still be achieved even for a relative bandwidth up to 20%. Our work demonstrates the potential of ultrafast diffraction imaging with a large FOV.
Simultaneously harnessing cation and anion redox activities in the cathode is crucial for the development of high energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries. However, achieving long‐term stability for both mechanisms remains a significant challenge due to pronounced anisotropic volume changes at low lithium content, unfavorable cation migration, and oxygen loss. Here, we demonstrate exceptionally stable cation and anion redox behavior in a metastable, cobalt‐free layered oxide, Li 0.693 [Li 0.153 Ni 0.190 Mn 0.657 ]O 2 (LLNMO). After 50 cycles at 50 mA/g (~0.2 C), the cathode retains 97.4 % of its initial capacity (222.4 mAh/g) with negligible voltage decay. This remarkable stability is attributed to its metastable O6‐type structure (R‐3m symmetry) with unique local geometry. The face‐sharing connectivity between lithium layers and alternating transition metal (TM) layers effectively suppresses TM migration‐induced voltage decay during anion redox. Additionally, the structure balances interlayer cation/cation and anion/anion repulsions, resulting in minimal expansion and contraction during de‐/lithiation (<2.3 % along the c ‐axis) and excellent structural reversibility. These findings highlight that layered oxides with a metastable framework are promising cathode candidates for next‐generation ultra‐high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries.