[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, symptoms of, and risk factors for low back pain among dentists as well as to discover the possible correlation of these factors with working posture and how to reduce their prevalence. [Subjects and Methods] The study was conducted among 60 dentists (28 male and 32 female) with a mean age of 25.7 years. Dentists were evaluated with the self-administered Nordic musculoskeletal evaluation chart, postural discomfort chart, and a self-prepared questionnaire. [Results] The data showed a 70% incidence of back pain among dentists, with low back pain predominating in 47.6% of cases. Most of the subjects (90.5%) had a mild-to-moderate level of severity, and only 9.5% had a severe level of low back pain. The majority of the dentists (57%) treated 1-3 patients per day. Only a few dentists (17%) exercised during their rest period even though 57% of them reported taking a break during their working hours. Although 63% of the dentists were aware of the advantages of assistive tools, only 40% of them used any kind of assistive devices. [Conclusion] Dental professionals demonstrate a high prevalence of low back pain.

Background: Many encouraging studies confirmed the ability of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs) in accelerating bone growth and mineralization. The use of Platelet Rich-Fibrin (PRF) as a sole filling material for large segmental bone defects remains questionable. The objectives are to investigate the regenerative efficacy of autologous Platelet Rich-Fibrin (PRF) and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs) in repairing large segmental bone ulnar defects in a randomized controlled study in rabbits using computed tomographic interpretations. A 12 mm critical size defect was surgically induced in the ulna of 30 rabbits (n = 10/ group). In the control group, the defect was left empty. In the PRF group, the defect is filled with PRF. In the PRF/ZnONPs group, the defect is filled with PRF that was inoculated with 0.1 ml of 0.2% ZnONPs. Radiologic healing capacity was evaluated at the first, second, and third postoperative months. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant differences in the radiologic healing scores between the groups (P = 0.000–0.0001) at all-time points (P = 0.000–0.047) during the study. Conclusion: Rabbits in the PRF/ZnONPs group showed the highest appreciable bone quality and quantity followed by the PRF group with high quantity but low bone quality meanwhile, rabbits in the control group showed minimal quantity but medium bone quality. Interestingly, the addition of ZnONPs to PRF can accelerate the healing of ulnar critical-size defects in rabbits.

Lead intoxication has been a major health hazard in humans. It affects people at all ages. Its toxicity is associated with various organs of the body and affects different metabolic pathways. Based on histological data, l-carnitine reduced the severity of tissue damage produced as a result of exposure of rats to lead acetate. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the underlying mechanism of protection offered by l-carnitine against lead acetate intoxication using male Sprague-Dawley rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each. The first group (G1) served as the control group and animals received standard diet only. The second group (G2) received lead acetate in their diet. The third group (G3) was the l-carnitine treated group and received the normal standard diet supplemented with l-carnitine. While the fourth group (G4) had a diet supplemented with both lead acetate and l-carnitine. At the end of each experiment, blood (serum and whole blood) were collected from each animal and analyzed for the following parameters: serum testosterone levels, serum nitric oxide and serum malondialdehyde. This is in addition to looking at the enzymatic activities of two important enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and on (glutathione reductase) which are indicative of the antioxidant activities in the whole blood. The results indicated that l-carnitine will counteract the undesirable effects of lead intoxication. It exerted its antioxidant potential by reducing the production of ROS and scavenging free radicals by maintaining and protecting the level of the of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and glutathione peroxidase. Conclusion:l-Carnitine may play an important role in reversing the undesirable effects of lead intoxication. Future studies should be conducted to see whether such an effect is applicable in humans exposed to lead poising.

Ureteral obstruction, a common clinical condition, is associated with various renal disorders affecting all age groups and can lead to permanent renal damage. In Partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO), increased ureteral pressure, and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the affected kidney cause cellular and molecular abnormalities, which ultimately lead to renal fibrosis if untreated. While removing the obstruction (RUUO) is essential to prevent long-term damage, additional therapeutic approaches may be necessary to fully restore kidney function. The PUUO model is used to induce renal fibrosis, primarily characterized by tubular injury resulting from obstructed urine flow. PUUO in rodents can simulate human chronic obstructive nephropathy at an accelerated rate. Although alleviating the obstruction can reduce immediate symptoms, it is often insufficient to reverse established fibrosis, emphasizing the need for adjunctive therapies. The renal response to RUUO depends on factors like the obstruction’s duration and severity, as well as the contralateral kidney's functional state.

Penile and preputial neoplasia in horses occurs infrequently and represents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The present study was carried out on a total number of 21 equids (14 stallions and 7 donkeys) suffered from different penile and preputial neoplasia. Diagnosis of neoplasms was based up on history of the case, clinical examination as well as histopathological evaluation. Animals with penile and preputial neoplasms were underwent local excision and partial phallectomy with a slightly modified version of the techniques described by William’s. The diagnosed neoplasms were penile and preputial squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs; ); sarcoid (); a-fibrosarcoma; and a melanoma. Local excision was curative in all cases except 5 stallions with SCCs. These stallions had extensive damage of the glans penis, free part of the penis and the inner lamina of the internal fold of the prepuce, and they underwent a partial phallectomy with successful outcome. Follow-up information was obtained by visit and telephone inquiries. In conclusion, penile and preputial neoplasms are commonly encountered in elderly male horses and SCCs are the most common type affecting male external genitalia. Partial phallectomy is effective for management of equine neoplasia if they are confined to the glans and body of the penis and there is no proximal spread or involvement to regional lymph nodes.