Spatial equity in the delivery of educational services is a critical element in creating healthful and joyful living circumstances in cities. The spatial distribution of public elementary and middle schools for girls in El-Taif city was investigated in this study using a variety of tools. Mean Center, Central Feature, Standard Distance, Directional Distribution, Point Density, Kernel Density, Nearest Neighbor Analysis, Ripley’s K Function, Moran Index, Buffer Zone, and Hotspot analysis are spatial techniques in Geographic Information Systems, which were used to analyze and show the spatial distribution of current public elementary and middle schools for females. Furthermore, the sufficiency and/or shortage of elementary and middle schools according to the criteria of the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs (MOMRA) were studied to establish the regions with shortage or overcapacity. The findings reveal that the city’s population and public elementary and middle school numbers were not spread equally. Some districts had an overabundance and concentration of elementary and middle schools, particularly in older, fully developed, and densely inhabited districts, while most new north and eastern districts had a scarcity of schools. Furthermore, half of the districts lack public elementary and middle schools. Consequently, the study finished by developing a spatial equality priority model for public elementary and middle schools to find and highlight problem areas that require future corrective action and are a priority for spatial equality. In order to contribute to achieving goal 4 of the UN-Habitat Sustainable Development Goals, which aims to “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all”, the model recommended that decision-makers supply elementary schools and middle schools in districts where a shortage was present and improve the equal distribution of elementary schools around the city.

Climate change is becoming one of the main threats to fishery resources, with the attendant possibilities of decreasing income and food security. Sea surface temperature (SST) is considered a major environmental indicator of climate change, one that impacts the marine ecosystem and habitat. Studying the impacts of SST changes necessitates regular effective monitoring; remote sensing techniques provide researchers with the ability to track changes on various spatial and temporal scales. This study provides an integrated approach, using the advantages of remote sensing data and GIS tools, to assess the SST changes in the spatial potential aggregation zones of Plectropomus pessuliferus marisrubri and Plectropomus areolatus along the Red Sea’s Saudi coast. This study used SST satellite data for 2011 and 2021 to detect changes and develop suitability and risk assessment maps. The SST showed an increase of 0.46 °C from 2011 to 2021, particularly during the summer months. As a result, the suitability of spatial potential aggregation from 2011 to 2021 has dropped in the summer months. The risk assessment analysis revealed a decrease in the suitable potential aggregation zones in the summer months, as it reached about −35.7% in August, while it increased in the winter months, reaching +2.52% in January.

Owing to its unique properties, pyrophyllite is an economical alternative to many minerals in different applications. The presence of iron-bearing minerals in Saudi pyrophyllite hampers its industrial uses. The aim of this study was to examine the removal of iron from Saudi low-grade pyrophyllite ore using two approaches. The first approach involves dry high-intensity magnetic separation, whereas the second approach involves microwave pretreatment of the ore before dry magnetic separation. For the first approach, the studied operating parameters were roll speed; feed rate, field intensity, and feed particle size. For the alternative approach, microwave treatment followed by dry magnetic separation, the microwave irradiation time and the magnetic field intensity were studied. The results show that the combined microwave treatment and dry separation method could provide high-purity pyrophyllite for filler industries. Microwave irradiation for 30 min was optimal to change impurity phases (i.e., pyrite, hematite) into ferromagnetic phases in microwave-treated pyrophyllite samples. At a magnetic field intensity of 2000 Gauss, the 30 min microwave-irradiated pyrophyllite sample achieved an iron recovery of 11.2% in non-magnetic fractions, with a removal efficiency of 89% with an alumina recovery of 91.31%.