Background: The overall evidence base regarding delirium has been growing steadily over the past few decades. There has been considerable analysis of delirium concerning, for example, mechanically ventilated patients, patients in the general intensive care unit (ICU) setting, and patients with exclusively postoperative delirium. Nevertheless, there are few studies regarding delirium in a cardiovascular ICU (ICCU) setting and especially scarce literature about the particular features of delirium relating to patient age and gender. Aim: We aimed to determine particular features of non-alcohol and other psychoactive substances induced delirium relating to patient age and gender in an ICCU setting. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate patients with delirium in a Lithuanian ICCU. From a sample of 19,007 ICCU admissions, 337 (1.8%) had documented delirium diagnosed through liaison and consultation with a psychiatrist and were included in the final analysis. The obtained data was then evaluated and analysed according to patients’ gender and four categorized age groups: <65 years, 65–74 years, 75–84 years, and ≥85 years. Results: Female patients who experienced delirium demonstrated a higher prevalence of hypertension, hyponatraemia, heart failure, cardiac rhythm and conduction disorders, myocardial infarction (MI), and dementia. Men, who were on average seven years younger than women, significantly more often had hypokalaemia, double or triple-vessel coronary artery disease, as well as sepsis. Furthermore, MI, ST-segment elevated MI, and Killip class 4 were most frequent amongst patients less than 65 years of age. Moreover, the youngest patient group demonstrated the highest mortality. Conclusions: Our investigation presented a number of associated peculiarities related to gender and age. It was shown that delirium is a severe complication that more often affects men amongst patients <65 years, while more frequently affects women in the age group of ≥85 years. Male patients <65 years who develop delirium should be treated with more caution, as they tend to have more serious forms of disorder and a poorer prognosis. Background: The overall evidence base regarding delirium has been growing steadily over the past few decades. There has been considerable analysis of delirium concerning, for example, mechanically ventilated patients, patients in the general intensive care unit (ICU) setting, and patients with exclusively postoperative delirium. Nevertheless, there are few studies regarding delirium in a cardiovascular ICU (ICCU) setting and especially scarce literature about the particular features of delirium relating to patient age and gender. Aim: We aimed to determine particular features of non-alcohol and other psychoactive substances induced delirium relating to patient age and gender in an ICCU setting. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate patients with delirium in a Lithuanian ICCU. From a sample of 19,007 ICCU admissions, 337 (1.8%) had documented delirium diagnosed through liaison and consultation with a psychiatrist and were included in the final analysis. The obtained data was then evaluated and analysed according to patients’ gender and four categorized age groups: <65 years, 65–74 years, 75–84 years, and ≥85 years. Results: Female patients who experienced delirium demonstrated a higher prevalence of hypertension, hyponatraemia, heart failure, cardiac rhythm and conduction disorders, myocardial infarction (MI), and dementia. Men, who were on average seven years younger than women, significantly more often had hypokalaemia, double or triple-vessel coronary artery disease, as well as sepsis. Furthermore, MI, ST-segment elevated MI, and Killip class 4 were most frequent amongst patients less than 65 years of age. Moreover, the youngest patient group demonstrated the highest mortality. Conclusions: Our investigation presented a number of associated peculiarities related to gender and age. It was shown that delirium is a severe complication that more often affects men amongst patients <65 years, while more frequently affects women in the age group of ≥85 years. Male patients <65 years who develop delirium should be treated with more caution, as they tend to have more serious forms of disorder and a poorer prognosis.

Background/Objectives: Dual-layer stents (DLS) with micromesh technology may offer better protection from plaque protrusion compared to single-layer stents (SLS), but little data are available. The aim of this study is to compare clinical outcomes of elective carotid artery stenting for asymptomatic and symptomatic patients treated for primary CAS with DLS or SLS in a high-volume center. Methods: This study is a single-center retrospective cohort study and included patients who underwent elective CAS between December 2006 and September 2023. The final analysis included patient baseline characteristics, postoperative complications and patient outcomes. Results: A total of 573 patients underwent elective carotid artery stenting in the study period. Most of the 573 patients undergoing CAS were male (62.5%), and the median age of patients at the time of CAS was 70 years. Of the 573 eligible patients, 43.5% (n = 249) were asymptomatic and 56.4% (n = 323) were symptomatic. Analyzing neurological complications, it was found that the only factor that had a statistically significant effect was the type of stent used. Patients who had a carotid stenting procedure using a single-layer carotid stent had statistically significantly more periprocedural neurological complications (8.3% (n = 35)) than the double-mesh stent group (2% (n = 3)), mostly due to more transient ischemic attacks in the single-layer stent group (4% (n = 17)) compared to the double-mesh group (0.7% (n = 1)). Conclusions: The use of carotid double-layer stents is associated with a low rate of periprocedural and postprocedural events.

Background. The data on long-term outcomes for elderly patients with coronary artery disease who undergo invasive treatment is limited. This study aimed to assess long-term outcomes and risk factors for patients over 80 years of age who underwent revascularisation. Methods. This single-centre retrospective study included ≥80-year-old patients who underwent coronary angiography between 2012 and 2014. Among 590 study patients, 411 patients had significant angiographic changes and had either a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) performed. Baseline patient characteristics, including demographics, comorbidities, survival to hospital discharge, and long term mortality were analysed. Three-year mortality was assessed. Results. Three hundred sixty-nine (89.8%) patients underwent PCI and in 42 (10.2%) CABG was performed. Significant differences between groups were detected in heart failure (PCI – 51.2% vs. CABG – 78.6%; p = 0.001), previous CABG (11.4% vs. 0%; p = 0.014), cardiogenic shock (12.2% vs. 0%; p = 0.008). Hospital mortality rate in the PCI group – 10.6%, CABG – 7.1%; p = 0.787. A median 3-year survival rate in the PCI group – 66.1%, CABG – 66.7%; p = 1.000. Chronic heart failure (OR 2.442; 95% CI: 1.530–3.898, p < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (OR 0.425; 95% CI: 0.261–0.692, p < 0.001), cardiogenic shock (OR 0.120; 95% CI: 0.054–0.270, p = 0.001), and LMCA stenosis (OR 2.104; 95% CI: 1.281–3.456, p = 0.003) were identified as independent 3-year all-cause mortality predictors in multivariate regression analysis. Conclusions. There was no significant difference in hospital mortality and survival rates between elderly patients who underwent PCI or CAGB. The majority of elderly patients underwent a PCI and these patients appeared to experience cardiogenic shock more frequently.