Igneous rock forming minerals carry valuable information from the deep earth that is not directly accessible at the surface. Each mineral represents the physico-chemical conditions at which various magmatic processes have occured over a wide range of depths from upper mantle to shallow crustal levels. These processes are cryptically inscribed in the whole-rock and mineral compositions (e.g. major elements, trace elements and isotopic ratios) and textures (equilibrium vs. disequilibrium features), together with intensive variables (e.g. pressure, P; temperature, T). Therefore, particular attention should be given to igneous minerals to understand better the processes that took place during their journey from the source through magma chambers and conduit systems to the Earth's surface.MagMin_PT is an Excel^© based user-friendly program, designed to calculate mineral formulae and end-members, and to estimate pressure and temperature (e.g. geothermobarometry) from electron microprobe analytical data. The program operates using the most common igneous rock-forming minerals (olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, biotite, feldspar, magnetite, ilmenite, apatite and zircon), resulting in various classification diagrams and P–T diagrams. The program allows for whole-rock or glass composition to be entered together with the EPMA data to evalaute the equilibration status for most P–T calculation models. Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ estimation is routinely performed in MagMin_PT based on stoichiometric constraints, and to some extent using machine learning methods for different iron-bearing minerals. MagMin_PT is also able to carry calculations of fugacity, magmatic water content and saturation temperature. Graphical and numerical outputs produced by the program can be easily copied to other media for further processing.

Water–rock interaction is the focus of geothermal energy studies and can be documented by traditional geochemical methods such as ion ratio method and hydrogeochemical modelling etc. Statistical approaches are also vital for the quantitative models, and mainly combined with the traditional methods. In this study, we re-evaluate the published data, including water chemistry and volcanic and metamorphic whole-rock geochemistry from the Kavak geothermal field (Konya, Turkey) by using multivariate statistical analysis (e.g. factor analysis and clustering analysis) to research possible interaction between the thermal waters and surrounding rocks. The Kavak geothermal field (KGF) overlies a metamorphic basement composed of the Paleozoic metacarbonates and metaclastic rocks, yet is located near the Erenlerdağ–Alacadağ volcanic complex (ErAVC). An example of unimodal orogenic volcanism in an extensional geodynamic setting, the Neogene ErAVC is composed of widespread high-K calcalkaline andesite to rhyodacite lavas with enclaves and their pyroclastic counterparts. The Kavak geothermal field covers a small area ( ∼ 7.5 km 2 ) and lies along the Seydişehir fault zone in the southeast of the ErAVC. The Kavak thermal waters are meteoric in origin and peripheral waters (Ca–Na–HCO 3 ) in the geothermal system related to the orogenic volcanism. The Kavak thermal waters are characterised by high K + and Na + cations, and low pH (between 6.4–6.9 pH) values relative to the cold waters around the KGF. Two types of thermal waters were identified in the KGF based on the slight difference in their hydrochemistry and discharge temperature. The first type thermal water ( ∼ 22 °C) has higher TDS and Cl/Br ratio and lower dissolved silica and Br content relative to the second type of water (up to 45 °C). The chemical relationship between the KGF and high-K ErAVC is clearly seen in the cation-based diagrams. Multivariate statistical analysis confirms that first type and second type thermal waters identified based on their hydrochemistry formed two separate statistical groups, and suggests that the chemistry of the KGF waters was mainly controlled by the composition of the ErAVC rather than those of the basement metamorphic rocks as a result of water–rock interaction.

YYerbilimlerinde geniş bir kullanım alanına sahip Uzaktan Algılama (UA) ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) jeolojik haritalama veya mevcut haritaların güncellenmesinde, özellikle tektonik süreksizliklerin yorumlanmasına ilişkin çalışmalarda yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Beyşehir Havzası, sahiıp olduğu jeolojik çeşitlilik ve gösterdiği tektonik nitelikleri nedeniyle bu çalışmada plot uygulama alanı seçilmiştir. Bu nedenle, Landsat-8 OLI uydu görüntülerine Uzaktan Algılama yöntemleri kullanılarak "Temel Bileşenler Analizi (PCA)" ile "Kontrolsüz Sınıflandırma" teknikleri uygulanmış ve Erenlerdağ-Alacadağ Volkanik Kompleksinin (ErAVK) doğu yamacındaki (GB Konya/Türkiye) kuzeybatı-güneydoğu yönünde uzanan Kilistra ignimbiritlerinin yeniden haritalaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Böylece bu çalışmada, oldukça kompleks ve karmaşık yerleşim dinamikleriyle karakterize olan ignimbiritlerin, jeolojik haritalama ve saha çalışmalalarını kolaylaştıracak pratik bir uygulamanın yöntemleri detaylarıyla sunulmuştur. Ek olarak, Miyo-Pliyosen yaşlı akarsu-göl çökelleri ve volkaniklerin (ErAVK) yer aldığı Beyşehir Havzası'nın tektonik gelişimini daha iyi anlamak için CBS yöntemlerinden faydalanılarak bölgede var olan morfo-tektonik yapılar üzerinde çizgisellik analizi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, bölgenin morfolojik yapısını şekillendiren kuvvetlerin tektonik hareketlerle doğrudan ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu analizler neticesinde, ortaya çıkan kinematik sonuçlar; Beyşehir Havzasını şekillendiren tektonik gerilme ve hâkim faylanma (eğim-atımlı normal faylar) doğrultularının KB-GD ve KD-GB yönlü olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.