This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
New regulations applied to the transportation sector are widening the operation range where the pollutant emissions are evaluated. Besides ambient temperature, the driving altitude is also considered to reduce the gap between regulated and real-life emissions. The altitude effect on the engine performance is usually overcome by acting on the turbocharger control. The traditional strategy assumes to keep (or even to increase) the boost pressure, that is, compressor pressure ratio increase, as the altitude is increased to offset the ambient density reduction, followed by the reduction of the exhaust gas recirculation to reach the targeted engine torque. However, this is done at the expense of an increase on fuel consumption and emissions. This work remarks experimentally the importance of a detailed understanding of the effects of the boost pressure and low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation (LP-EGR) settings when the engine runs low partial loads at different altitudes, accounting for extreme warm and cold ambient temperatures. The experimental results allow defining and justifying clear guidelines for an optimal engine calibration. Opposite to traditional strategies, a proper calibration of the boost pressure and LP-EGR enables reductions in specific fuel consumption along with the gas temperature increase at the exhaust aftertreatment system.
Vicente Bermúdez; José Ramón Serrano; Pedro Piqueras; Bárbara Diesel. Fuel consumption and aftertreatment thermal management synergy in compression ignition engines at variable altitude and ambient temperature. International Journal of Engine Research 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleVicente Bermúdez, José Ramón Serrano, Pedro Piqueras, Bárbara Diesel. Fuel consumption and aftertreatment thermal management synergy in compression ignition engines at variable altitude and ambient temperature. International Journal of Engine Research. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVicente Bermúdez; José Ramón Serrano; Pedro Piqueras; Bárbara Diesel. 2021. "Fuel consumption and aftertreatment thermal management synergy in compression ignition engines at variable altitude and ambient temperature." International Journal of Engine Research , no. : 1.
Distributed electric propulsion and boundary layer ingestion are two attractive technologies to reduce the power consumption of fixed wing aircraft. Through careful distribution of the propulsive system elements, higher aerodynamic and propulsive efficiency can be achieved, as well as a lower risk of total loss of aircraft due to foreign object damage. When used on the wing, further reductions of the bending moment on the wing root can even lead to reductions of its structural weight, thus mitigating the expected increase of operating empty weight due to the extra components needed. While coupling these technologies in fixed-wing aircraft is being actively studied in the big aircraft segment, it is also an interesting approach for increasing the efficiency even for aircraft with maximum take-off masses as low as 25 kg, such as the A3 open subcategory for civil drones from EASA. This paper studies the effect of changing the propellers’ position in the aerodynamic performance parameters of a distributed electric propulsion with boundary layer ingestion system in a 25 kg fixed-wing aircraft, as well as in the performance of the propellers. The computational results show the trade-offs between the aerodynamic efficiency and the propeller efficiency when the vertical position is varied.
José Serrano; Andrés Tiseira; Luis García-Cuevas; Pau Varela. Computational Study of the Propeller Position Effects in Wing-Mounted, Distributed Electric Propulsion with Boundary Layer Ingestion in a 25 kg Remotely Piloted Aircraft. Drones 2021, 5, 56 .
AMA StyleJosé Serrano, Andrés Tiseira, Luis García-Cuevas, Pau Varela. Computational Study of the Propeller Position Effects in Wing-Mounted, Distributed Electric Propulsion with Boundary Layer Ingestion in a 25 kg Remotely Piloted Aircraft. Drones. 2021; 5 (3):56.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Serrano; Andrés Tiseira; Luis García-Cuevas; Pau Varela. 2021. "Computational Study of the Propeller Position Effects in Wing-Mounted, Distributed Electric Propulsion with Boundary Layer Ingestion in a 25 kg Remotely Piloted Aircraft." Drones 5, no. 3: 56.
In the current paper, a methodology combining a case study with a computational tool for aerospace engineering students is presented and discussed. The aim of this methodology is to improve the understanding of jet engine's operation through their thermodynamic cycle analysis, particularly focused on the effects of the main boundary conditions for an aircraft engine: altitude and flight velocity (or Mach). Additionally, the organization of the methodology as a case study performed in groups helps to facilitate student engagement, as well as the development of soft skills, such as teamwork ability. The experience of this methodology over the last 5 years shows that the activity is generally well perceived by the students, and also that there is a correlation between the engagement in this activity and the overall results achieved in the subject, confirming that the methodology helps to improve students' comprehension of the concepts behind engine performance. However, a few points of improvement for the near future are identified.
Pedro Piqueras; Joaquín De la Morena; Pau Bares; Enrique J. Sanchis. Case study‐based learning using a computational tool to improve the understanding of the jet engine cycle for aerospace engineering degree students. Computer Applications in Engineering Education 2021, 1 .
AMA StylePedro Piqueras, Joaquín De la Morena, Pau Bares, Enrique J. Sanchis. Case study‐based learning using a computational tool to improve the understanding of the jet engine cycle for aerospace engineering degree students. Computer Applications in Engineering Education. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Piqueras; Joaquín De la Morena; Pau Bares; Enrique J. Sanchis. 2021. "Case study‐based learning using a computational tool to improve the understanding of the jet engine cycle for aerospace engineering degree students." Computer Applications in Engineering Education , no. : 1.
The aim to reduce well to wheel CO2 emissions incentives the utilisation of alternative fuels (low to zero carbon content and/or low well to tank CO2 emissions) as well as the enhancement of engine efficiency. In parallel, the reduction of engine tailpipe CO2 emissions brings new challenges such as the decrease of the exhaust gas temperature. This trend penalises the ability of the exhaust aftertreatment system to eliminate pollutant emissions. In addition, the combustion of alternative fuels and new combustion modes induce changes in the nature and concentration of the exhaust species, which is known to affect the pollutants abatement mechanisms. This investigation provides new understanding on the sensitivity of pollutants abatement in oxidation catalysts to the use of alternative fuels. The studied fuels are conventional diesel, alternative fuels (rapeseed methyl ester and gas to liquid) as well as propane using a dual-fuel combustion strategy. The research combines experimental conversion efficiency from genuine exhaust gases with modelling work useful to explain the reasons for the change in light-off temperature as a function of the fuel. In addition to the CO and NO impact, HC surrogates are proposed distinguishing species of different reactivity for each fuel based on the experimental HC speciation. The results highlight the role of the engine-out emissions on the pollutants conversion efficiency. Their fashion with different fuels contributes to evidence the interest for low engine-out emissions along with low light alkanes content in total HC, as promoted by alternative fuels, to reduce the oxidation light-off temperature.
Pedro Piqueras; María José Ruiz; José Martín Herreros; Athanasios Tsolakis. Sensitivity of pollutants abatement in oxidation catalysts to the use of alternative fuels. Fuel 2021, 297, 120686 .
AMA StylePedro Piqueras, María José Ruiz, José Martín Herreros, Athanasios Tsolakis. Sensitivity of pollutants abatement in oxidation catalysts to the use of alternative fuels. Fuel. 2021; 297 ():120686.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Piqueras; María José Ruiz; José Martín Herreros; Athanasios Tsolakis. 2021. "Sensitivity of pollutants abatement in oxidation catalysts to the use of alternative fuels." Fuel 297, no. : 120686.
To reach the emission limits imposed by governments and reduce the negative impact on the environment, the use of aftertreatment systems has become essential for internal combustion engine (ICE) based powertrains. In particular, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system is a widespread aftertreatment technology with high efficiency for [Formula: see text] abatement which shows complex dynamics and requires urea injection as reducing agent. Current urea injection strategies usually rely on the [Formula: see text] emissions feedback. This work presents a model for the on-line simultaneous prediction of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] emissions after the SCR catalyst, allowing the emissions estimation even in conditions of urea injector failure, when it is not possible to rely on the injector feedback signal. The proposed model is based on state of the art on-board after-treatment instrumentation and proposes an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to combine a data-based model and the analysis of sensor signals to provide a reliable estimation of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] slip. The proposed strategy is experimentally assessed in dynamic driving cycles, such as Worldwide harmonised Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) and Standardised Random Test (RTS). The proposed method is evaluated in standard conditions (without failures) and with urea injection failures of 25% and 120% of the nominal injection amount. As a result, the prediction on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] slip has been improved in all injection failure conditions, by an overall average of 47.8% and 61.8%, respectively, when compared to state-of-the-art control oriented models (physically based zero dimensional model or data-based).
Benjamin Pla; Pedro Piqueras; Pau Bares; André Aronis. Simultaneous NOx and NH3 slip prediction in a SCR catalyst under real driving conditions including potential urea injection failures. International Journal of Engine Research 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleBenjamin Pla, Pedro Piqueras, Pau Bares, André Aronis. Simultaneous NOx and NH3 slip prediction in a SCR catalyst under real driving conditions including potential urea injection failures. International Journal of Engine Research. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBenjamin Pla; Pedro Piqueras; Pau Bares; André Aronis. 2021. "Simultaneous NOx and NH3 slip prediction in a SCR catalyst under real driving conditions including potential urea injection failures." International Journal of Engine Research , no. : 1.
The current paper presents a flow behaviour analysis of twin-entry radial turbines by means of experimental measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The experimental data were measured at partial, unequal and full admission conditions, and was used to globally validate CFD simulations. The experimental results hinted towards considering twin-entry turbines as two separated single-entry turbines working in parallel when used in simplified physics-based models such as in one-dimensional simulations. After analysing the CFD results, a simple flow capacity model was developed, exploiting some of the observed characteristic phenomena to reduce the number of fitting parameters to their minimum while keeping its accuracy and extrapolation capabilities.
José Galindo; José Ramón Serrano; Luis Miguel García-Cuevas; Nicolás Medina. Using a CFD analysis of the flow capacity in a twin-entry turbine to develop a simplified physics-based model. Aerospace Science and Technology 2021, 112, 106623 .
AMA StyleJosé Galindo, José Ramón Serrano, Luis Miguel García-Cuevas, Nicolás Medina. Using a CFD analysis of the flow capacity in a twin-entry turbine to develop a simplified physics-based model. Aerospace Science and Technology. 2021; 112 ():106623.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Galindo; José Ramón Serrano; Luis Miguel García-Cuevas; Nicolás Medina. 2021. "Using a CFD analysis of the flow capacity in a twin-entry turbine to develop a simplified physics-based model." Aerospace Science and Technology 112, no. : 106623.
Worldwide pollutant regulations applied to the transportation sector are progressively tightening the emission limits and widening the operating conditions of the type approval tests. As a result, the layout and thermal management of the exhaust system is becoming highly complex looking to achieve early catalytic converter activation. On this regard, the monolith meso-geometry plays a primary role to optimise the pollutants conversion efficiency. The geometrical characteristics simultaneously affect and trade-off multiple flow phenomena as the exhaust gas is transported through the channels. These include the bulk gas and internal pore diffusion towards the active sites in addition to the heat transfer including convection, radial conductivity and thermal capacitance. In this work, the impacts of the cell size, cross-section shape, washcoat loading and substrate material on CO and HC conversion efficiency have been investigated under representative real driving conditions. From the real driving conditions experimental data, the study decouples the influence of the washcoat loading from the cell size and material applying a catalytic converter model. Detailed expressions are provided for the calculation of the specific surfaces and heat and mass transfer parameters as a function of the cell and washcoat meso-geometry in square and triangular cells. Therefore, this work enables to identify the processes which govern the catalytic abatement of pollutant emissions. In particular, the role of the gas and washcoat specific surfaces is highlighted because of its importance on the optimization of the mass transfer process by means of a proper cell geometry selection. In parallel, the differences in the change of the CO and HC abatement patterns, which are explained by the characteristic CO emission spikes in accelerations and the HC accumulation, contribute to evidence the limitations on the conversion efficiency benefit that the optimum cell geometry and washcoat loading can provide.
Pedro Piqueras; María José Ruiz; José Martín Herreros; Athanasios Tsolakis. Influence of the cell geometry on the conversion efficiency of oxidation catalysts under real driving conditions. Energy Conversion and Management 2021, 233, 113888 .
AMA StylePedro Piqueras, María José Ruiz, José Martín Herreros, Athanasios Tsolakis. Influence of the cell geometry on the conversion efficiency of oxidation catalysts under real driving conditions. Energy Conversion and Management. 2021; 233 ():113888.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Piqueras; María José Ruiz; José Martín Herreros; Athanasios Tsolakis. 2021. "Influence of the cell geometry on the conversion efficiency of oxidation catalysts under real driving conditions." Energy Conversion and Management 233, no. : 113888.
Worldwide emission standards are extending their requirements to cover engine operation under extreme ambient conditions and fill the gap between the type-approval and real driving conditions. The new ambient boundaries affect the engine performance and raw emissions as well as the efficiency of the exhaust aftertreatment systems. This study evaluates the impact of high altitude and low ambient temperature on the light-off temperature and conversion efficiency of an oxidation catalyst. The results are compared in a common range of exhaust mass flow and temperature with the baseline sea-level operation at 20 ∘ C. A reduction of CO and HC conversion efficiencies was found at 2500 m and −7 ∘ C, with a relevant increase of the light-off temperature for both of the pollutants. The analysis of the experimental data was complemented with the use of a catalyst model to identify the causes leading to the deterioration of the CO and HC light-off. The use of the model allowed for identifying, for the same exhaust mass flow and temperature, the contributions to the variation of conversion efficiency caused by the change in engine-out emissions and tailpipe pressure, which are, in turn, manifested in the variation of the reactants partial pressure and dwell time as governing parameters.
José Serrano; Pedro Piqueras; Enrique Sanchis; Bárbara Diesel. Analysis of the Driving Altitude and Ambient Temperature Impact on the Conversion Efficiency of Oxidation Catalysts. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 1283 .
AMA StyleJosé Serrano, Pedro Piqueras, Enrique Sanchis, Bárbara Diesel. Analysis of the Driving Altitude and Ambient Temperature Impact on the Conversion Efficiency of Oxidation Catalysts. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (3):1283.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Serrano; Pedro Piqueras; Enrique Sanchis; Bárbara Diesel. 2021. "Analysis of the Driving Altitude and Ambient Temperature Impact on the Conversion Efficiency of Oxidation Catalysts." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3: 1283.
The abatement of particulate matter in gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines requires the use of particulate filters. In turn, the optimisation of their regeneration is based on a deep knowledge of the soot oxidation behaviour. The determination of the intrinsic kinetic parameters of GDI soot is explored based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and reaction rate modelling. New understanding on the oxidation of GDI soot is provided enabling an accurate prediction in a wide range of temperature and O2 concentration. Firstly, the dependence of the soot reaction order on the boundary conditions is discussed. The analysis of the Arrhenius equation parameters reveals variable O2 reaction order. It leads to consider the effect of mass transfer and adsorption (Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms) as reaction rate limiters. Combined with the soot reaction order approach, the prediction ability of the proposed model is assessed in an extended range of isothermal and non-isothermal TGA experiments.
P. Piqueras; E.J. Sanchis; J.M. Herreros; A. Tsolakis. Evaluating the oxidation kinetic parameters of gasoline direct injection soot from thermogravimetric analysis experiments. Chemical Engineering Science 2021, 234, 116437 .
AMA StyleP. Piqueras, E.J. Sanchis, J.M. Herreros, A. Tsolakis. Evaluating the oxidation kinetic parameters of gasoline direct injection soot from thermogravimetric analysis experiments. Chemical Engineering Science. 2021; 234 ():116437.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. Piqueras; E.J. Sanchis; J.M. Herreros; A. Tsolakis. 2021. "Evaluating the oxidation kinetic parameters of gasoline direct injection soot from thermogravimetric analysis experiments." Chemical Engineering Science 234, no. : 116437.
In this paper, a procedure for the design of a bubble reactor which allows the control of the humidity of a gas stream used as combustion air is presented. This reactor is designed to be used as a component of an altitude simulator test facility for the optimization, homologation and calibration of new hybrid engines. The design has been carried out by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) multi-phase models and validated against the experimental data obtained from the developed prototype. A discussion about the adequate mesh topology and cell size is presented, as well as a comparison between the two available models for the air–water interphase. Lastly, a validation of the CFD results using experimental data shows that the model that should be used is the multi-regime interaction model, from which the final design for the bubble reactor was obtained.
José Ramón Serrano; Antonio Gil; Pedro Quintero; Roberto Tabet; Javier Gómez. Design of a Bubble Reactor for Altitude Simulators Used to Humidify a Combustion Air Stream by Means of CFD Multi-Phase Models. Applied Sciences 2020, 11, 295 .
AMA StyleJosé Ramón Serrano, Antonio Gil, Pedro Quintero, Roberto Tabet, Javier Gómez. Design of a Bubble Reactor for Altitude Simulators Used to Humidify a Combustion Air Stream by Means of CFD Multi-Phase Models. Applied Sciences. 2020; 11 (1):295.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Ramón Serrano; Antonio Gil; Pedro Quintero; Roberto Tabet; Javier Gómez. 2020. "Design of a Bubble Reactor for Altitude Simulators Used to Humidify a Combustion Air Stream by Means of CFD Multi-Phase Models." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1: 295.
The earlier activation of the catalytic converters in internal combustion engines is becoming highly challenging due to the reduction in exhaust gas temperature caused by the application of CO2 reduction technologies. In this context, the use of pre-turbine catalysts arises as a potential way to increase the conversion efficiency of the exhaust aftertreatment system. In this work, a small-sized oxidation catalyst consisting of a honeycomb thin-wall metallic substrate was placed upstream of the turbine to benefit from the higher temperature and pressure prior to the turbine expansion. The change in engine performance and emissions in comparison to the baseline configuration are analyzed under driving conditions. As an individual element, the pre-turbine catalyst contributed positively with a relevant increase in the overall CO and HC conversion efficiency. However, its placement produced secondary effects on the engine and baseline aftertreatment response. Although small-sized monoliths are advantageous to minimize the thermal inertia impact on the turbocharger lag, the catalyst cross-section is in trade-off with the additional pressure drop that the monolith causes. As a result, the higher exhaust manifold pressure in pre-turbine pre-catalyst configuration caused a fuel consumption increase higher than 3% while the engine-out CO and HC emissions did around 50%. These increments were not completely offset despite the high pre-turbine pre-catalyst conversion efficiency (>40%) because the partial abatement of the emissions in this device conditioned the performance of the close-coupled oxidation catalyst.
José Serrano; Pedro Piqueras; Joaquín Morena; María Ruiz. Influence of Pre-Turbine Small-Sized Oxidation Catalyst on Engine Performance and Emissions under Driving Conditions. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 7714 .
AMA StyleJosé Serrano, Pedro Piqueras, Joaquín Morena, María Ruiz. Influence of Pre-Turbine Small-Sized Oxidation Catalyst on Engine Performance and Emissions under Driving Conditions. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (21):7714.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Serrano; Pedro Piqueras; Joaquín Morena; María Ruiz. 2020. "Influence of Pre-Turbine Small-Sized Oxidation Catalyst on Engine Performance and Emissions under Driving Conditions." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21: 7714.
Exhaust gas recirculation is one of the technologies that can be used to improve the efficiency of spark-ignition engines. However, apart from fuel consumption reduction, this technology has a significant impact on exhaust gaseous emissions, inducing a significant reduction in nitrogen oxides and an increase in unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, which can affect operation of the aftertreatment system. In order to evaluate these effects, data extracted from design of experiments done on a multi-cylinder 1.3 L turbocharged spark-ignition engine with variable valve timing and low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) are used. The test campaign covers the area of interest for the engine to be used in new-generation hybrid electric platforms. In general, external EGR provides an approximately linear decrease of nitrogen oxides and deterioration of unburned hydrocarbon emissions due to thermal and flame quenching effects. At low load, the impact on emissions is directly linked to actuation of the variable valve timing system due to the interaction of EGR with internal residuals. For the same external EGR rate, running with high valve overlap increases the amount of internal residuals trapped inside the cylinder, slowing down combustion and increasing Unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. However, low valve overlap (i.e., low internal residuals) operation implies a decrease in oxygen concentration in the exhaust line for the same air–fuel ratio inside the cylinders. At high load, interaction with the variable valve timing system is reduced, and general trends of HC increase and of oxygen and carbon monoxide decrease appear as EGR is introduced. Finally, a simple stoichiometric model evaluates the potential performance of a catalyst targeted for EGR operation. The results highlight that the decrease of nitrogen oxides and oxygen availability together with the increase of unburned hydrocarbons results in a huge reduction of the margin in oxygen availability to achieve a complete oxidation from a theoretical perspective. This implies the need to rely on the oxygen storage capability of the catalyst or the possibility to control at slightly lean conditions, taking advantage of the nitrogen oxide reduction at engine-out with EGR.
Pedro Piqueras; Joaquín De La Morena; Enrique José Sanchis; Rafael Pitarch. Impact of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Gaseous Emissions of Turbocharged Spark-Ignition Engines. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 7634 .
AMA StylePedro Piqueras, Joaquín De La Morena, Enrique José Sanchis, Rafael Pitarch. Impact of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Gaseous Emissions of Turbocharged Spark-Ignition Engines. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (21):7634.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Piqueras; Joaquín De La Morena; Enrique José Sanchis; Rafael Pitarch. 2020. "Impact of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Gaseous Emissions of Turbocharged Spark-Ignition Engines." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21: 7634.
This work presents the development of a model to capture the NOx sensors cross sensitivity behavior based on [Formula: see text] sensor cell temperature, as well as a model do predict the slip of the NOx and NH3 after the SCR catalyst, as a way to reduce the error in the exhaust emissions estimation needed for feedback SCR control strategies. The emissions prediction model is based on the different cross sensitivity behavior of two distinct NOx sensors. The proposed models were tested and compared on a fully instrumented engine test bench when applied in a Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) and a full map cycle. As a result, the proposed model showed for NOx sensors cross sensitivity estimation an overall improvement of 34.8% for sensor 1 and 31.0% for sensor 2, and in terms of emissions prediction an overall improvement of 36.3% for NOx and 45.5% for NH3 slip.
Benjamín Pla; Pedro Piqueras; Pau Bares; André Aronis. NOx sensor cross sensitivity model and simultaneous prediction of NOx and NH3 slip from automotive catalytic converters under real driving conditions. International Journal of Engine Research 2020, 22, 3209 -3218.
AMA StyleBenjamín Pla, Pedro Piqueras, Pau Bares, André Aronis. NOx sensor cross sensitivity model and simultaneous prediction of NOx and NH3 slip from automotive catalytic converters under real driving conditions. International Journal of Engine Research. 2020; 22 (10):3209-3218.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBenjamín Pla; Pedro Piqueras; Pau Bares; André Aronis. 2020. "NOx sensor cross sensitivity model and simultaneous prediction of NOx and NH3 slip from automotive catalytic converters under real driving conditions." International Journal of Engine Research 22, no. 10: 3209-3218.
New generation of spark ignition (SI) engines are expected to represent most of the future market share in a context of powertrain hybridization. Nevertheless, the current technology has still critical challenges in front to meet incoming CO2 and pollutant emissions standards, so new technologies are emerging to improve engine efficiency. In parallel to combustion concepts, a key required trend is downsizing based on high engine boosting. New turbocharger technologies, such as variable geometry turbines (VGT), become suitable for its application under the demanding operating conditions of SI engines. In this work, a methodology for the analysis of the VGT usage in comparison with traditional waste-gate (WG) turbine is presented. From experimental data obtained in engine test cell, a theoretical analysis aimed at ensuring full control on turbine boundary conditions, such as combustion variability, compressor map or engine calibration, was conducted. Taking advantage of highly validated and physically representative 1-D gas-dynamics and turbocharger models, the engine performance is discussed as a function of the turbine technology at full and partial load in a wide range of engine speed at the same time as the altitude impact is addressed. In all, it was found that VGT technology shows less limitations in extreme working conditions, such as low- and high-end torque regions, where the WG technology represents a limitation in terms of the maximum power output. Full load differences become more even more evident in altitude working conditions. When it comes to partial loads, differences in fuel consumption are minor, but potentially beneficial for VGTs.
José Ramón Serrano; Pedro Piqueras; Joaquín De la Morena; Alejandro Gómez-Vilanova; Stéphane Guilain. Methodological analysis of variable geometry turbine technology impact on the performance of highly downsized spark-ignition engines. Energy 2020, 215, 119122 .
AMA StyleJosé Ramón Serrano, Pedro Piqueras, Joaquín De la Morena, Alejandro Gómez-Vilanova, Stéphane Guilain. Methodological analysis of variable geometry turbine technology impact on the performance of highly downsized spark-ignition engines. Energy. 2020; 215 ():119122.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Ramón Serrano; Pedro Piqueras; Joaquín De la Morena; Alejandro Gómez-Vilanova; Stéphane Guilain. 2020. "Methodological analysis of variable geometry turbine technology impact on the performance of highly downsized spark-ignition engines." Energy 215, no. : 119122.
As well as new advances in the after-treatment systems are required to achieve the new pollutant emission requirements, new designs of the exhaust line can be considered in order to increase the engine efficiency and the after-treatment effectiveness. In the present work, a one-dimensional gas dynamic model has been used to carry out a simulation study comparing several exhaust insulation solutions. This solutions include the insulation of the exhaust ports, the exhaust manifold, the internal surface of the turbine volute, the turbine external housing, as well as different combinations of these solutions. A transient analysis has been done in order to evaluate the increment in the exhaust gases temperature, fuel economy and pollutant emission levels over the WLTC (Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle) at three different temperature conditions. As a conclusion, a 12% increment in the turbine outlet gas enthalpy can be achieved by insulating both the exhausts ports and the exhaust manifold. Moreover, more than 30% less pollutant emissions are released to the environment with this setup.
Francisco Jose Arnau; Jaime Martín; Pedro Piqueras; Ángel Auñón. Effect of the exhaust thermal insulation on the engine efficiency and the exhaust temperature under transient conditions. International Journal of Engine Research 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleFrancisco Jose Arnau, Jaime Martín, Pedro Piqueras, Ángel Auñón. Effect of the exhaust thermal insulation on the engine efficiency and the exhaust temperature under transient conditions. International Journal of Engine Research. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco Jose Arnau; Jaime Martín; Pedro Piqueras; Ángel Auñón. 2020. "Effect of the exhaust thermal insulation on the engine efficiency and the exhaust temperature under transient conditions." International Journal of Engine Research , no. : 1.
Growing interest has arisen to adopt Variable Valve Timing (VVT) technology for automotive engines due to the need to fulfill the pollutant emission regulations. Several VVT strategies, such as the exhaust re-opening and the late exhaust closing, can be used to achieve an increment in the after-treatment upstream temperature by increasing the residual gas amount. In this study, a one-dimensional gas dynamics engine model has been used to simulate several VVT strategies and develop a control system to actuate over the valves timing in order to increase diesel oxidation catalyst efficiency and reduce the exhaust pollutant emissions. A transient operating conditions comparison, taking the Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) as a reference, has been done by analyzing fuel economy, HC and CO pollutant emissions levels. The results conclude that the combination of an early exhaust and a late intake valve events leads to a 20% reduction in CO emissions with a fuel penalty of 6% over the low speed stage of the WLTC, during the warm-up of the oxidation catalyst. The same set-up is able to reduce HC emissions down to 16% and NOx emission by 13%.
José R. Serrano; Francisco J. Arnau; Francisco José Arnau Martínez; Ángel Auñón. Development of a Variable Valve Actuation Control to Improve Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Efficiency and Emissions in a Light Duty Diesel Engine. Energies 2020, 13, 4561 .
AMA StyleJosé R. Serrano, Francisco J. Arnau, Francisco José Arnau Martínez, Ángel Auñón. Development of a Variable Valve Actuation Control to Improve Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Efficiency and Emissions in a Light Duty Diesel Engine. Energies. 2020; 13 (17):4561.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé R. Serrano; Francisco J. Arnau; Francisco José Arnau Martínez; Ángel Auñón. 2020. "Development of a Variable Valve Actuation Control to Improve Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Efficiency and Emissions in a Light Duty Diesel Engine." Energies 13, no. 17: 4561.
This paper presents the evaluation of near-future advanced internal combustion engine technologies to reach near zero-emission in vehicles with in the Indian market. Extensive research was carried out to propose the rationalise the most promising, new ICE technologies which can be implemented in the vehicles to reduce CO2 emissions until the year 2030. A total of six technologies were considered that could be implemented in the Indian market. An initial market survey was carried out on the Indian automotive industry and electric vehicles in India, followed by an in-depth analysis and understanding of each technology through literature review. The main aim of the paper was to construct methods for a successful implementation of clean ICE technologies in the near future and to, also, predict a percentage reduction of CO2 tailpipe emissions from the vehicles. To do this, different objectives were laid out with a view to reducing the tailpipe CO2 emissions. Especially with the recent and legitimate focus on climate change in the world, this study aims to provide practical solutions pathway for India. Widespread research was carried out on all six technologies proposed within the automotive market in India and a set of main graphs represent CO2 emission reduction starting from 2020 until 2030. A significant reduction of CO2 was observed in the graph plot at the end of the paper and the technologies were successfully implemented for the Indian market to curb tailpipe CO2 emissions. A methodology based on calculating the vehicle fuel consumption was implemented and a graph was plotted showing the reduction of CO2 emissions until 2030. The starting point of the graph is 2020, when BS-VI comes into effect in India (April 2020). The CO2 limit taken into consideration here has been defined by the Government at 113 CO2 g/km. The paper fulfilled the aim of predicting the effects of implementing the technologies and the subsequent reductions of CO2 emissions for India.
Dhrumil B. Gohil; Apostolos Pesyridis; Jose Ramon Serrano. Overview of Clean Automotive Thermal Propulsion Options for India to 2030. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 3604 .
AMA StyleDhrumil B. Gohil, Apostolos Pesyridis, Jose Ramon Serrano. Overview of Clean Automotive Thermal Propulsion Options for India to 2030. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (10):3604.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDhrumil B. Gohil; Apostolos Pesyridis; Jose Ramon Serrano. 2020. "Overview of Clean Automotive Thermal Propulsion Options for India to 2030." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10: 3604.
The current investigation describes in detail a mass flow oriented model for extrapolation of reduced mass flow and adiabatic efficiency of double entry radial inflow turbines under any unequal and partial flow admission conditions. The model is based on a novel approach, which proposes assimilating double entry turbines to two variable geometry turbines (VGTs) using the mass flow ratio ( MFR ) between the two entries as the discriminating parameter. With such an innovative approach, the model can extrapolate performance parameters to non-measured MFR s, blade-to-jet speed ratios, and reduced speeds. Therefore, the model can be used in a quasi-steady method for predicting double entry turbines performance instantaneously. The model was validated against a dataset from two different double entry turbine types: a twin-entry symmetrical turbine and a dual-volute asymmetrical turbine. Both were tested under steady flow conditions. The proposed model showed accurate results and a coherent set of fitting parameters with physical meaning, as discussed in this paper. The obtained parameters showed very similar figures for the aforementioned turbine types, which allows concluding that they are an adequate set of values for initializing the fitting procedure of any type of double entry radial turbine.
José Ramón Serrano; Francisco J. Arnau; Luis Miguel García-Cuevas; Vishnu Samala. A Robust Adiabatic Model for a Quasi-Steady Prediction of Far-Off Non-Measured Performance in Vaneless Twin-Entry or Dual-Volute Radial Turbines. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1955 .
AMA StyleJosé Ramón Serrano, Francisco J. Arnau, Luis Miguel García-Cuevas, Vishnu Samala. A Robust Adiabatic Model for a Quasi-Steady Prediction of Far-Off Non-Measured Performance in Vaneless Twin-Entry or Dual-Volute Radial Turbines. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (6):1955.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Ramón Serrano; Francisco J. Arnau; Luis Miguel García-Cuevas; Vishnu Samala. 2020. "A Robust Adiabatic Model for a Quasi-Steady Prediction of Far-Off Non-Measured Performance in Vaneless Twin-Entry or Dual-Volute Radial Turbines." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6: 1955.
Late fuel post-injections are the most usual strategy to reach high exhaust temperature for the active regeneration of diesel particulate filters. However, it is important to optimise these strategies in order to mitigate their negative effect on the engine fuel consumption. This work aims at understanding the influence of the post-injection parameters, such as its start of injection and its fuel quantity, on the duration of the regeneration event and the fuel consumption along it. For this purpose, a set of computational models are employed to figure out in a holistic way the involved phenomena in the interaction between the engine and the exhaust gas aftertreatment system. Firstly, an engine model is implemented to evaluate the effect of the late fuel post-injection pattern on the gas properties at the exhaust aftertreatment system inlet in different steady-state operating conditions. These are selected to provide representative boundary conditions of the exhaust gas flow concerning dwell time, exhaust temperature and O 2 concentration. In this way, the results are later applied to the analysis of the diesel oxidation catalyst and wall-flow particulate filter responses. The dependence of the diesel particulate filter (DPF) inlet temperature is discussed based on the efficiency of each post-injection strategy to increase the exhaust gas temperature. Next, the influence on the dynamics of the regeneration of the post-injection parameters through the change in gas temperature and O 2 concentration is finally studied distinguishing the pre-heating, maximum reactivity and late soot oxidation stages as well as the required fuel consumption to complete the regeneration process.
José Ramón Serrano; Pedro Piqueras; Joaquín De La Morena; Enrique José Sanchis. Late Fuel Post-Injection Influence on the Dynamics and Efficiency of Wall-Flow Particulate Filters Regeneration. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 5384 .
AMA StyleJosé Ramón Serrano, Pedro Piqueras, Joaquín De La Morena, Enrique José Sanchis. Late Fuel Post-Injection Influence on the Dynamics and Efficiency of Wall-Flow Particulate Filters Regeneration. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (24):5384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Ramón Serrano; Pedro Piqueras; Joaquín De La Morena; Enrique José Sanchis. 2019. "Late Fuel Post-Injection Influence on the Dynamics and Efficiency of Wall-Flow Particulate Filters Regeneration." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24: 5384.
New regulation standards on engine pollutant emissions are widening the engine operating conditions subjected to type approval tests as a way to prevent from the gap between regulated and real-driving emissions. In this regard, ambient temperature and driving altitude are new boundaries to be considered. Although the basis of the impact of these variables has been studied concerning the engine performance, new challenges appear to meet the emission limits and the aftertreatment conversion efficiency. In this work, a gas dynamic modelling tool is approached to explore the maximisation of the engine torque when operating at high altitude in a wide range of ambient temperatures. Particular focus is put on the modelling of the combustion, the turbocharger and the exhaust aftertreatment system. Starting from a sea-level calibration, the proposed methodology accounts for mechanical criteria as well as the impact on the engine raw emissions and exhaust flow properties to define new combustion settings for altitude operation. Next, these boundaries are applied to the exhaust aftertreatment system to analyse the impact on the catalyst conversion efficiency and the particulate filter performance concerning pressure drop and filtration efficiency.
J.R. Serrano; P. Piqueras; E.J. Sanchis; B. Diesel. A modelling tool for engine and exhaust aftertreatment performance analysis in altitude operation. Results in Engineering 2019, 4, 100054 .
AMA StyleJ.R. Serrano, P. Piqueras, E.J. Sanchis, B. Diesel. A modelling tool for engine and exhaust aftertreatment performance analysis in altitude operation. Results in Engineering. 2019; 4 ():100054.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ.R. Serrano; P. Piqueras; E.J. Sanchis; B. Diesel. 2019. "A modelling tool for engine and exhaust aftertreatment performance analysis in altitude operation." Results in Engineering 4, no. : 100054.