Background: The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) GAPLINC, or gastric adenocarcinoma predictive long intergenic ncRNA, plays a carcinogenic role in a variety of different tumor types. There is limited information regarding the biological function of GAPLINC in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: Surgical tissue samples of 40 patients undergoing ESCC radical surgery were collected, including ESCC tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of lncRNA GAPLINC in the human ESCC cell line (TE11). The function role of LncRNA GAPLINC was detected after specific siRNA interference and overexpression in the TE11 cell line. The effects of LncRNA GAPLINC on ESCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities were investigated by flow cytometry, using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and by Transwell migration assays, respectively. Results: The expression of lncRNA GAPLINC in ESCC tissues was significantly higher than that in corresponding adjacent normal tissues (P< 0.05) and correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation (P< 0.05). Compared with human esophageal normal epithelial cell lines, the expression of LncRNA GAPLINC was significantly higher in the human ESCC cell line (P< 0.05). CCK-8 assays showed that LncRNA GAPLINC overexpression increased the growth rate of cells (P< 0.05). Transwell experiments showed that LncRNA GAPLINC overexpression increased the ability of cell migration and invasion compared to control cells (P< 0.05). Annexin V assay revealed that LncRNA GAPLINC silencing increased early stage apoptosis (P< 0. 05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that LncRNA GAPLINC may be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of ESCC, and may play an oncogenic role in ESCC.

Advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR exon 19 deletion often get benefits from the treatment of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). In the same way, the NSCLC patients with mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) amplification get benefits from crizotinib. The treatment becomes extremely difficult for the patients with both EGFR exon 19 deletion and MET amplification, after failure of first-line TKI. An advanced NSCLC patient with EGFR exon 19 deletion was treated with TKI. However, the disease recurred after four months. MET amplification was found after biopsy again. The patient was treated with the combination of crizotinib, while the disease recurred after eight months. The patient was treated by pembrolizumab and pemetrexed + carboplatin chemotherapy as salvage therapy. The therapeutic effect has been remarkable up to present. In conclusion, immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy could be a promising therapy for the NSCLC patients with both EGFR exon 19 deletion and MET amplification after the failure of first-line TKI treatment. Thus, further insights into the variant genes contribute to NSCLC treatment.

Background: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is metastatic at diagnosis with an unknown primary site, indicating a high degree of malignancy with a poor prognosis. The development and application of targeted therapy and immunotherapy are current research hotspots, which provide additional treatment options for CUP. Case Presentation: A 36-year-old male presented with pain on the right hip in April 2018. After various examinations, he was diagnosed with CUP. This patient received chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and local radiotherapy in our department. However, the use of radiotherapy after immunotherapy resulted in severe pneumonia. Conclusion: Compared with traditional treatments, immunotherapy is an effective treatment with fewer side effects and better patient tolerance. However, treating physicians should be still pay special attention to the occurrence of side effects when radiotherapy is combined with immunotherapy.

Lung squamous cell cancer (SCC) and accounts for approximately 20%–30% of all lung cancers. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the main treatments for lung SCC patients. A case with lung SCC patient who was treated using iodine 125 seeds (I-125) because the location of the tumor was adjacent to the great vessels. I-125 is an ideal brachytherapy for lung SCC patients with large masses who lost the chance of operation. I-125 is an adjuvant therapy, combined with chemotherapy and molecular targeting therapy might serve to improve the prognosis of lung SCC patients.

Background: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is metastatic at diagnosis with unknown primary site, indicating a high degree of malignancy with poor prognosis. The development and application of targeted therapy and Immunotherapy is the current research hotspot, and provide more treatment options for CUP.Case Presentations: A 36-year-old freeworking male presented with pain on the right hip in April 2018. After various examinations, he was diagnosed as CUP. He received chemotherapy, immunotherapy and local radiotherapy in our department. However, the use of radiotherapy after immunotherapy resulted in severe pneumonia. Conclusions: Compared with traditional treatments, immunotherapy is effective treatment with fewer side effects and better patient tolerance. However, treating physicians should continue to pay special attention to the occurrence of side effects, when radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy.