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Prof. Feipeng Xiao
Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China

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0 Asphalt Materials and Pavements
0 Sustainability and Reuse/Recycling of Infrastructure Materials
0 Model and Design of Pavement Materials
0 Nanotechnology in Civil Engineering Materials
0 And Low Energy Pavement Technology

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Review
Published: 31 August 2021 in Construction and Building Materials
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Ballast railway system and non-ballast railway system, two main railway types, have encountered impeding challenges with the increasing axle loads, traffic volumes and speed. This field has therefore been seeking reliable and maintenance-free railway systems. Although Asphalt Based Materials (ABM) as possible solutions have attracted a lot of attentions, concerns on performance exist before their extensive application in railway systems around the world. For further promoting the application of ABM in practice, this review paper tried to comprehensively evaluate existing application forms in terms of design and construction, evaluation and performance, challenge and opportunity, as well as economy and environmental impact. In conclusion, their application experience in railway system demonstrated a problem-oriented developing trend. Six subfields of ABM were proposed in this study, including Asphalt Stabilized Ballast (ASB), Asphalt Underlayment (AUL), Asphalt Overlayment (AOL), Cement Asphalt Mortar layer (CAM), Asphalt Slab Track Bed (ASTB) and asphalt based impermeable layer. Each subfield showed positive effects as well as new challenges, and AUL, AOL and CAM were believed to be more reliable. To solve the challenges encountered by ABM, future studies were suggested to focus on the advancements in material property, structural design method, life cycle assessment, and optimization on materials and structure. Meanwhile, researches on modified test method and non-destructive tool were encouraged to provide essential data basis for construction and understanding the evolution of field performance of ABM. Consequently, the popularization and application of ABM around the world needed to be considered comprehensively according to local requirements and conditions.

ACS Style

Xin Xiao; DeGou Cai; Liangwei Lou; Yuefeng Shi; Feipeng Xiao. Application of asphalt based materials in railway systems: A review. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 304, 124630 .

AMA Style

Xin Xiao, DeGou Cai, Liangwei Lou, Yuefeng Shi, Feipeng Xiao. Application of asphalt based materials in railway systems: A review. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 304 ():124630.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xin Xiao; DeGou Cai; Liangwei Lou; Yuefeng Shi; Feipeng Xiao. 2021. "Application of asphalt based materials in railway systems: A review." Construction and Building Materials 304, no. : 124630.

Review article
Published: 30 August 2021 in Construction and Building Materials
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In the past decades, Polyurethane (PU) as an emerging polymer material has been widely used to construct, repair, reinforce, and protect civil engineering infrastructures. Meanwhile, various PU-based materials are increasingly employed in pavement engineering for new construction and maintenance, due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. In this review paper, the synthesis method, chemical structure, and engineering properties of PU materials were first introduced briefly. Secondly, the practical applications of PU materials in pavement engineering at present were summarized, mainly including PU-modified asphalt, PU-bonded mixture, PU sealant, and PU foam injection. Finally, the potential economic benefits and environmental impacts of utilizing PU materials in pavement engineering were further discussed towards sustainability.

ACS Style

Xianrui Li; Jin Li; Jiayu Wang; Jie Yuan; Fu Jiang; Xinyao Yu; Feipeng Xiao. Recent applications and developments of Polyurethane materials in pavement engineering. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 304, 124639 .

AMA Style

Xianrui Li, Jin Li, Jiayu Wang, Jie Yuan, Fu Jiang, Xinyao Yu, Feipeng Xiao. Recent applications and developments of Polyurethane materials in pavement engineering. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 304 ():124639.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xianrui Li; Jin Li; Jiayu Wang; Jie Yuan; Fu Jiang; Xinyao Yu; Feipeng Xiao. 2021. "Recent applications and developments of Polyurethane materials in pavement engineering." Construction and Building Materials 304, no. : 124639.

Review
Published: 27 August 2021 in Construction and Building Materials
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Digital image processing technology has been widely applied in various fields, and it is also increasingly used in pavement material analysis in recent years. The objective of this review article is to help researchers to select the most appropriate digital image processing (DIP) technology (image acquisition equipment, processing technology etc.) to study the pavement materials in multiscale in the laboratory. Firstly, a summary of the current image acquisition equipment (both the micro image acquisition equipment and the macro image acquisition equipment), their suitable ranges are presented, and the advantages and disadvantages are compared. Secondly, the problems encountered in the practical application of image processing technology in the study of pavement materials are summarized. Finally, the problems need to be solved in the future research are suggested, including microscopic analysis, mesoscopic analysis, such as air voids distribution analysis, aggregate shape characteristics etc., and macroscopic analysis, such as gradation detection and crack detection. In conclusion, the state art of pavement material analysis in multiscale by digital images processing technology are summarized. Moreover, more and more studies have proved that the digital image processing technology has become a promising method for pavement materials analysis.

ACS Style

Zhenyu Du; Jie Yuan; Qingyue Zhou; Chamod Hettiarachchi; Feipeng Xiao. Laboratory application of imaging technology on pavement material analysis in multiple scales: A review. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 304, 124619 .

AMA Style

Zhenyu Du, Jie Yuan, Qingyue Zhou, Chamod Hettiarachchi, Feipeng Xiao. Laboratory application of imaging technology on pavement material analysis in multiple scales: A review. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 304 ():124619.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenyu Du; Jie Yuan; Qingyue Zhou; Chamod Hettiarachchi; Feipeng Xiao. 2021. "Laboratory application of imaging technology on pavement material analysis in multiple scales: A review." Construction and Building Materials 304, no. : 124619.

Review article
Published: 02 August 2021 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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With the advent of the electric vehicle era, the potential function of monitoring, communication, and energy supply of the pavement system has received utmost research interest. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive literature review of thermoelectric, piezoelectric, and photovoltaic technologies used in pavement engineering. Based on the ambient energy distribution principle, the thermoelectric module and piezoelectric transducer are recommended to install near the top of the second surface layer, while solar panels replaced the surface layer. Power density and Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) were introduced to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of three technologies. The results showed that piezoelectric transducers had lower power density but higher LCOE than thermoelectric modules, and photovoltaic technology had the highest power density among them. Therefore, the application of these technologies was different. Thermoelectric technology was mainly used to mitigate urban heat island effect and pavement rutting; piezoelectric technology can power low-power electronics such as wireless remote sensors for pavement disease and traffic condition monitoring; solar pavement had multiple functions based on its large power density. Future studies should focus on the durability, safety, and life cycle cost of energy generation technologies through a systemic approach. Furthermore, hybrid energy generation technology such as piezoelectric-pyroelectric coupling system and photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems is recommended to consider.

ACS Style

J. Wang; F. Xiao; H. Zhao. Thermoelectric, piezoelectric and photovoltaic harvesting technologies for pavement engineering. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2021, 151, 111522 .

AMA Style

J. Wang, F. Xiao, H. Zhao. Thermoelectric, piezoelectric and photovoltaic harvesting technologies for pavement engineering. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021; 151 ():111522.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. Wang; F. Xiao; H. Zhao. 2021. "Thermoelectric, piezoelectric and photovoltaic harvesting technologies for pavement engineering." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 151, no. : 111522.

Review
Published: 21 July 2021 in Measurement
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Digital image processing technology has been widely applied in various fields, and it is also increasingly used in pavement distress detection in recent years. The objective of this review article is to help researchers to select the most appropriate digital image processing technology (image acquisition equipment, processing, recognition technology and etc.) to study the pavement distress detection. Firstly, a proper application of the current image acquisition equipment is presented, and the advantages and disadvantages are compared. Secondly, the problems encountered in the practical application of image processing technology in pavement detection are presented. Further, the problems need to be solved in the future research are suggested, including cracks detection, pavement texture detection, temperature segregation detection, rutting detection, pothole detection, and joint faulting detection. In conclusion, the state of the art in pavement detection by digital image processing technology is summarized and proves that the digital image processing technology has become a promising method for pavement detection and materials analysis.

ACS Style

Zhenyu Du; Jie Yuan; Feipeng Xiao; Chamod Hettiarachchi. Application of image technology on pavement distress detection: A review. Measurement 2021, 184, 109900 .

AMA Style

Zhenyu Du, Jie Yuan, Feipeng Xiao, Chamod Hettiarachchi. Application of image technology on pavement distress detection: A review. Measurement. 2021; 184 ():109900.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenyu Du; Jie Yuan; Feipeng Xiao; Chamod Hettiarachchi. 2021. "Application of image technology on pavement distress detection: A review." Measurement 184, no. : 109900.

Review
Published: 08 May 2021 in Construction and Building Materials
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Concrete bridge decks are deteriorating over time due to the inadequacy of design detailing, construction and quality of maintenance work, chemical attacks, environmental effects, and abnormal floods and erosion. At present, many effective methods in preventing further deterioration is using rapid-setting patching materials along the deck. However, more research is needed for investigating the effectiveness of other types of patching materials and potential benefits or disadvantages of utilizing these products. Therefore, it is very difficult, in many cases, for DOT engineers to select the most cost-effective patching material under complex conditions. Hence, it is necessary to investigate various patching materials on the market and develop the proper guidance to bridge the gap for the engineers. In this comprehensive literature review, the types of deterioration along concrete bridge decks as well as deterioration mechanisms are introduced firstly. And then, the types and selection criteria for patching materials are summarized. Meanwhile, the influence factors of compatibility and evaluation methods as well as results are discussed. Moreover, the most common and effective patching techniques are presented. Current review concluded that most patching failures occurred in early stage are resulted from a range of factors such as inappropriate selection of repair materials, insufficient understanding on the compatibility of patching materials with substrate concrete, and the poor installation techniques. In addition, Portland cement-based patching materials could provide optimal bond at temperatures around 68°F while certain polymer concretes provided good bond performance over a wide range of temperatures.

ACS Style

Ningyi Su; Liangwei Lou; Armen Amirkhanian; Serji N. Amirkhanian; Feipeng Xiao. Assessment of effective patching material for concrete bridge deck -A review. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 293, 123520 .

AMA Style

Ningyi Su, Liangwei Lou, Armen Amirkhanian, Serji N. Amirkhanian, Feipeng Xiao. Assessment of effective patching material for concrete bridge deck -A review. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 293 ():123520.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ningyi Su; Liangwei Lou; Armen Amirkhanian; Serji N. Amirkhanian; Feipeng Xiao. 2021. "Assessment of effective patching material for concrete bridge deck -A review." Construction and Building Materials 293, no. : 123520.

Review article
Published: 09 April 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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To solve the frequent urban flood problems, China has put forward a novel city strategy-Sponge City. It is a kind of water resource management strategy and method, which can adapt to the changes of rainwater like a sponge, so as to reduce the occurrence of flood problems. This paper reviewed the initiative and development of sponge city. It analyzed the problems faced by sponge city construction and possible solutions. In addition, pavement material was an important part of sponge city construction. This paper also reviewed the application and development of pavement materials in sponge city. Firstly, the commonly used permeable pavement materials were introduced including permeable asphalt concrete, permeable cement concrete, permeable brick, and novel pavement materials. To meet the requirements of “infiltration, retention, purification, evaporation, and drainage”, the pavement materials were designed to be porous. The pore characteristics were studied, including but not limited to porosity and pore size, etc. In addition, environmental assessment and economic analysis were conducted. It was found that the permeable pavements were not necessarily more environmentally friendly than traditional pavement, but they did have some obvious benefits such as water purification, traffic noise reduction, Urban Heat Island (UHI) mitigation, and waste materials recycling. There was a controversy about whether permeable pavements were more economical than traditional pavements. Finally, this paper looked forward to the future development of pavement materials in sponge city, which called for better hydrological performance and wider application range.

ACS Style

Xin Guan; Jiayu Wang; Feipeng Xiao. Sponge city strategy and application of pavement materials in sponge city. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 303, 127022 .

AMA Style

Xin Guan, Jiayu Wang, Feipeng Xiao. Sponge city strategy and application of pavement materials in sponge city. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 303 ():127022.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xin Guan; Jiayu Wang; Feipeng Xiao. 2021. "Sponge city strategy and application of pavement materials in sponge city." Journal of Cleaner Production 303, no. : 127022.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2021 in Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects
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As a kind of environmentally friendly and energy saving material, asphalt emulsion was increasingly applied in the infrastructure construction industry. However, emulsified asphalt tended to face the problems of cohesive and mechanical strength deficiency, even if styrene-butadiene rubber/styrene-butadiene-styrene, modification had been performed. The waterborne additives with self-crossed characteristic showed a potential advantage on application. In this study, waterborne acrylate and polyurethane were investigated to further enhance properties of emulsified asphalt, as a novel modifier. The change of chemical constituent during the emulsion-additives interaction was firstly characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) test. The dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests were carried out to evaluate the high-temperature characteristics comprehensively, involving temperature sweep, frequency sweep, steady shear viscosity and master curve tests. The modification mechanization was discussed according to the model of constituent migration in colloid structure of modified asphalt with additive. It released that the difference of polymer networks densities in styrene-butadiene rubber modified asphalt emulsion would cause embrittlement, while the combination of styrene-butadiene-styrene with cationic acrylate would present synergy effects in the colloid structure of emulsified asphalt. Finally, statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the correlation among different rheological indices. The test results revealed that waterborne acrylate and polyurethane presented a positive effectiveness to modify asphalt emulsion, with enhanced performances for cold binder.

ACS Style

Ling Xu; Xiangdao Hou; Xianrui Li; Feipeng Xiao. Impact of constituent migration on colloid structure and rheological characteristics of emulsified asphalt with self-crosslinking modifiers. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2021, 619, 126530 .

AMA Style

Ling Xu, Xiangdao Hou, Xianrui Li, Feipeng Xiao. Impact of constituent migration on colloid structure and rheological characteristics of emulsified asphalt with self-crosslinking modifiers. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2021; 619 ():126530.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ling Xu; Xiangdao Hou; Xianrui Li; Feipeng Xiao. 2021. "Impact of constituent migration on colloid structure and rheological characteristics of emulsified asphalt with self-crosslinking modifiers." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 619, no. : 126530.

Journal article
Published: 28 March 2021 in Measurement
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Traffic Speed Deflectometer (TSD) is primarily capable of evaluating the pavement conditions at the network level with regard to the structural capacities. This paper mainly reviews the utilization of TSD for the pavement structural evaluations. With the Doppler lasers configured in a specific truck, TSD can measure the deflection velocity (slope) at a traffic speed. The measured deflection can be calculated by either area under the curve (AUTC) method or Euler–Bernoulli beam (EB) method. Moreover, the pavement moduli backcalculated by either 3D Move simulation or the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) from TSD measurements tend to well correlate those backcalculated from FWD measurements. It is noted that structural capacities derived from TSD measurement were reliable in assessing the pavement conditions. Additionally, the pavement roughness has a significant effect on TSD measurements. Therefore, Traffic Speed Deflectometer has a promising applied prospect in pavement structural evaluations.

ACS Style

Feipeng Xiao; Qian Xiang; Xiangdao Hou; Serji N. Amirkhanian. Utilization of traffic speed deflectometer for pavement structural evaluations. Measurement 2021, 178, 109326 .

AMA Style

Feipeng Xiao, Qian Xiang, Xiangdao Hou, Serji N. Amirkhanian. Utilization of traffic speed deflectometer for pavement structural evaluations. Measurement. 2021; 178 ():109326.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Feipeng Xiao; Qian Xiang; Xiangdao Hou; Serji N. Amirkhanian. 2021. "Utilization of traffic speed deflectometer for pavement structural evaluations." Measurement 178, no. : 109326.

Review article
Published: 27 February 2021 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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The management of scrap tires became a great concern nowadays. Crumb rubber (CR) derived from the grinding of scrap tires has successfully been used as modifier for the paving asphalt towards sustainability, and the end product was generally known as rubberized asphalt. Although rubberized asphalt was considered as a green paving material with favorable engineering benefits, it suffered from poor compatibility that severely limited its application. This incompatibility issue was essentially caused by the great differences in chemical nature (molecular size and polarity) and physical features (density and solubility) between CR and asphalt matrix. One solution to this problem was the surface activation of CR, which aimed to modify the chemical and/or physical characteristics of the CR surface. By far, the practical surface activation methods mainly included pre-reaction, oxidization, grafting, polymer coating, and solution soaking as chemical methods as well as plasma treatment and gamma radiation as physical methods. Meanwhile, concerning the limitations of present technologies, recommendations for future studies focusing on this issue were provided.

ACS Style

Jin Li; Zixuan Chen; Feipeng Xiao; Serji N. Amirkhanian. Surface activation of scrap tire crumb rubber to improve compatibility of rubberized asphalt. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2021, 169, 105518 .

AMA Style

Jin Li, Zixuan Chen, Feipeng Xiao, Serji N. Amirkhanian. Surface activation of scrap tire crumb rubber to improve compatibility of rubberized asphalt. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2021; 169 ():105518.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jin Li; Zixuan Chen; Feipeng Xiao; Serji N. Amirkhanian. 2021. "Surface activation of scrap tire crumb rubber to improve compatibility of rubberized asphalt." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 169, no. : 105518.

Review article
Published: 09 February 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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As a necessary component of traffic signal and the safety features on traffic system, pavement markings could not be replaced by other means currently. With the enhancement of environmental and healthy requirements, it was also crucial to reduce energy consumption and negative environmental impact of marking materials. This review synthesized the state-of-the-art technologies and applications of marking materials in pavement engineering in terms of environmental impact and cost evaluation. Firstly, the common raw materials of pavement markings were introduced, including glass beads, binder, pigment, filler and dispersion medium. Afterwards, this article comprehensively classified marking materials, involved thermoplastic markings, paint materials, cold-plastic markings, two component markings and marking tapes. Especially, the application of waterborne paints was highlighted, which had presented potential advantage on environmental protection, cost saving and heath issue. In addition, the performance requirements of marking materials were discussed, focusing on the retro-reflectivity and durability. For the uniformity of traffic marking system, the necessary of developing specifications and pavement marking management system were emphasized. Subsequently, life cycle assessment analysis on pavement marking materials was considered based on the cost and environmental impacts, typically involved the volatile organic compounds, heavy metal and glass beads. Finally, advanced marking materials and innovative applications were described and investigated, including photo-luminescent coating, nanocomposite paints and translucent concrete-based smart lane separator. Moreover, prospects and conclusions were summarized to present the avenues and opportunities for future researches. The pavement marking industry would continue to concentrate on safety, performance and environment aspects while taking the advantage of the technological advancements in future.

ACS Style

Ling Xu; Zixuan Chen; Xianrui Li; Feipeng Xiao. Performance, environmental impact and cost analysis of marking materials in pavement engineering, the-state-of-art. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 294, 126302 .

AMA Style

Ling Xu, Zixuan Chen, Xianrui Li, Feipeng Xiao. Performance, environmental impact and cost analysis of marking materials in pavement engineering, the-state-of-art. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 294 ():126302.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ling Xu; Zixuan Chen; Xianrui Li; Feipeng Xiao. 2021. "Performance, environmental impact and cost analysis of marking materials in pavement engineering, the-state-of-art." Journal of Cleaner Production 294, no. : 126302.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
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The performance of asphalt emulsion tended to be unsatisfactory for pavement maintenance or cold mix paving due to deficiency of cohesive strength, even if SBR/SBS modification had been conducted. Compared to the traditional modified asphalt emulsion, the application of waterborne modifier showed greater advantages on convenience and flexibility. In this research, the feasibility of waterborne acrylate and polyurethane, as novel potential modifiers, to further enhance performances of SBR/SBS modified asphalt emulsion was investigated. The compatibility between modifier and emulsified asphalt was studied firstly and the chemical changes during the modification process were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests were carried out to comprehensively evaluate the high-temperature rheological properties, including performance grade (PG) determination, frequency sweep and multi-stress creep recovery (MSCR) tests. Then fluorescence microscope was applied to observe the distribution of modifier in the residue. Finally, the statistical analysis was conducted based on gray relational analysis (GRA). The results revealed that waterborne cationic acrylate presented the best effectiveness of modification for SBS modified asphalt emulsion with considering storage stability and improved high-temperature properties, potentially providing a more effective and modified method to prepare cold binder with high performances.

ACS Style

Ling Xu; Xianrui Li; Qidi Zong; Feipeng Xiao. Chemical, morphological and rheological investigations of SBR/SBS modified asphalt emulsions with waterborne acrylate and polyurethane. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 272, 121972 .

AMA Style

Ling Xu, Xianrui Li, Qidi Zong, Feipeng Xiao. Chemical, morphological and rheological investigations of SBR/SBS modified asphalt emulsions with waterborne acrylate and polyurethane. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 272 ():121972.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ling Xu; Xianrui Li; Qidi Zong; Feipeng Xiao. 2020. "Chemical, morphological and rheological investigations of SBR/SBS modified asphalt emulsions with waterborne acrylate and polyurethane." Construction and Building Materials 272, no. : 121972.

Journal article
Published: 22 December 2020 in Transportation Geotechnics
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The moisture induced damage is considered a serious threat to the durability of the high-speed railway system. In this paper, an innovative application of thermoplastic polyurethane/waste rubber powder blend (TPU/WRP) with higher elastic modulus was introduced to enhance the water resistance of high-speed railway structure as a waterproof seal layer. The thermoplastic polyurethane has been proved to have excellent mechanical and waterproof properties, and waste rubber has the advantages in cost and sustainability. The objective of this study was to design the TPU/WRP material and evaluate its moisture resistance and mechanical properties. The compressive test was used to determine the elastic modulus and the permeability test was conducted to verify waterproof performance. Further, the finite element method (FEM) was applied to analyze its mechanical responses under both dynamic and static conditions. The results indicated that TPU/WRP containing 69.2% PU matrix, 30% WRP, and 0.8% PU defoaming agent had excellent supporting and waterproofing properties. Thus, it is recommended to consider TPU/WRP material as a functional waterproof material for preventing subbase and subgrade layers from moisture damage in heavy load traffic environment such as high-speed railway.

ACS Style

Xin Xiao; Jiayu Wang; DeGou Cai; Liangwei Lou; Feipeng Xiao. A novel application of thermoplastic polyurethane/waste rubber powder blend for waterproof seal layer in high-speed railway. Transportation Geotechnics 2020, 27, 100503 .

AMA Style

Xin Xiao, Jiayu Wang, DeGou Cai, Liangwei Lou, Feipeng Xiao. A novel application of thermoplastic polyurethane/waste rubber powder blend for waterproof seal layer in high-speed railway. Transportation Geotechnics. 2020; 27 ():100503.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xin Xiao; Jiayu Wang; DeGou Cai; Liangwei Lou; Feipeng Xiao. 2020. "A novel application of thermoplastic polyurethane/waste rubber powder blend for waterproof seal layer in high-speed railway." Transportation Geotechnics 27, no. : 100503.

Journal article
Published: 28 October 2020 in Applied Energy
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With the rapid expansion of urbanization around the world, the urban heat island effect embraced an enormous negative impact on megacities, including energy, environment and health conditions. Unfortunately, constructive geometry and human activities of megacities severely intensified the urban heat island phenomenon. Giving the contributions of pavement on the deterioration of urban heat island in megacities, this literature review synthesized the state-of-the-art potential strategies of pavement cooling technologies and applications to mitigate the urban heat island effect. Firstly, the optical-thermal balance on surface and the interior thermal behavior of pavement were comprehensively analyzed. Afterwards, this paper redefined the cool pavement technologies as the passive mitigation strategies, involved the application of reflective pavement, evaporation pavement, heat-induced pavement and phase change materials. Especially, urban canyon impact and urban design were emphasized, which tended to be neglected on the implementations of cool pavement. In addition, the solar collector technologies on the pavement were proposed to sustainably reuse solar energy, acting as active strategies and renewable sources. Typically, representatives of solar collectors, including heat collection and thermoelectric pavement, were described and investigated. Existing research results presented the promising potential of pavement cooling technologies to mitigate the urban heat island impact and renewable energy sustainability. Moreover, prospects were also summarized to show the opportunities and avenues for future study.

ACS Style

Ling Xu; Jiayu Wang; Feipeng Xiao; Sherif Ei-Badawy; Ahmed Awed. Potential strategies to mitigate the heat island impacts of highway pavement on megacities with considerations of energy uses. Applied Energy 2020, 281, 116077 .

AMA Style

Ling Xu, Jiayu Wang, Feipeng Xiao, Sherif Ei-Badawy, Ahmed Awed. Potential strategies to mitigate the heat island impacts of highway pavement on megacities with considerations of energy uses. Applied Energy. 2020; 281 ():116077.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ling Xu; Jiayu Wang; Feipeng Xiao; Sherif Ei-Badawy; Ahmed Awed. 2020. "Potential strategies to mitigate the heat island impacts of highway pavement on megacities with considerations of energy uses." Applied Energy 281, no. : 116077.

Journal article
Published: 25 September 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The combined utilization of Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and natural sand as alternative aggregates was attractive for potential environmental and economic benefits. The dynamic and rutting performances of recycled asphalt mixtures containing natural sand and Anti-stripping Agents (ASAs) were investigated in this study. Two mixture types (Surface Type B with Ndesign of 75 and Surface Type C with Ndesign of 50), two aggregate sources (designated as J and L), and three ASA types (designated as A0, A1, and A2) were designed. In addition, 23% and 27% RAP was respectively selected for Surface Type B and C mixtures, and 20% natural sand was designed for all the mixtures. The results indicated the Surface Type B mixtures generally had higher dynamic modulus and lower phase angle than the Surface Type C mixtures. Mixtures prepared by aggregate J had greater engineering performance than aggregate L. The effect of ASA type was insignificant on these mixtures made by aggregate J, while the liquid ASAs were more effective than hydrated lime for those fabricated by aggregate L. In terms of rutting resistance, the findings from APA tests agreed with HWT tests in most cases, indicating the limited use of RAP and natural sand was proved to be satisfactory. In addition, the use of ASAs was highly effective to prevent the recycled mixtures from moisture damage. Finally, the dynamic modulus at 37.8°C and 54.4°C used a loading frequency of 5 Hz statistically correlated with the APA and HWT rut depth.

ACS Style

Jin Li; Feipeng Xiao; Serji N. Amirkhanian; Ouming Xu. Dynamic and rutting characteristics of recycled asphalt mixtures containing natural sand and anti-stripping agents. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 280, 124365 .

AMA Style

Jin Li, Feipeng Xiao, Serji N. Amirkhanian, Ouming Xu. Dynamic and rutting characteristics of recycled asphalt mixtures containing natural sand and anti-stripping agents. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 280 ():124365.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jin Li; Feipeng Xiao; Serji N. Amirkhanian; Ouming Xu. 2020. "Dynamic and rutting characteristics of recycled asphalt mixtures containing natural sand and anti-stripping agents." Journal of Cleaner Production 280, no. : 124365.

Review
Published: 08 September 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
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Low-temperature property of polyethylene (PE) modified asphalt has long been a controversial issue. In order to better understand the low-temperature anti-cracking properties of PE modified asphalt binder, the low-temperature cracking mechanism of PE modified asphalt binder and existing low-temperature property evaluation methods were reviewed firstly. Meanwhile, the factors that affect the low temperature performance of PE modified asphalt were comprehensively analyzed. On the other hand, the state of art of low-temperature performance and evaluation methods of PE modified asphalt mixture were discussed as well as the factors that affect the low temperature performance of PE modified asphalt mixture. It was found that the PE particles or fiber acted as “bridge” that can block the propagation of cracks, leading to the improvement of low-temperature properties of asphalt binder. Low-temperature properties of PE modified asphalt binder are highly dependent on the properties of base asphalt binder and PE essentially and PE content as well which dominated the interaction between PE and base asphalt binder. Additionally, the PE modified asphalt mixture exhibited better low-temperature properties than base asphalt mixture based on the existing low-temperature properties evaluation methods. However, the low temperature properties of PE modified asphalt binder is worse than those of base asphalt binder. The reason behind this phenomenon is believed to be that the existing evaluation methods of low temperature anti-cracking performance of PE modified asphalt binder is improper. Therefore, it is necessary to explore some more appropriately complete methods to evaluate the low-temperature properties of PE modified asphalt binder for the PE modified asphalt community.

ACS Style

Zhenyu Du; Changshan Jiang; Jie Yuan; Feipeng Xiao; Jingang Wang. Low temperature performance characteristics of polyethylene modified asphalts – A review. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 264, 120704 .

AMA Style

Zhenyu Du, Changshan Jiang, Jie Yuan, Feipeng Xiao, Jingang Wang. Low temperature performance characteristics of polyethylene modified asphalts – A review. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 264 ():120704.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenyu Du; Changshan Jiang; Jie Yuan; Feipeng Xiao; Jingang Wang. 2020. "Low temperature performance characteristics of polyethylene modified asphalts – A review." Construction and Building Materials 264, no. : 120704.

Journal article
Published: 19 August 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The application of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) materials has become an important subject of sustainable development in the field of road construction. In addition, the low carbon asphalt technology (i.e. warm mix technology) is recently employed to reduce the energy consumption and emission in RAP application. Generally, during the RAP mixing process, softer asphalt or rejuvenator is typically used to offset the aged effect of RAP materials. Therefore, further investigation on blending efficiency of virgin and aged asphalts in terms of warm mix technology and its influence factors has become extremely important to save the energy and reduce the emission. In this study, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was used to evaluate the blending degree of virgin and aged asphalts involved warm mix additive. Additionally, some factors such as blending time, blending temperature, and RAP content on the blending efficiency were investigated in the study. The research results indicated that all these factors had individual or combined effects on the blending degree of recycled asphalt mixtures. Furthermore, the energy consumption of mixing process was measured based on a laboratory study. It was found that an extended blending duration had a better energy effectiveness on increasing the blending degree within the first 3-minute. After that, the blending degree could be improved efficiently with less energy consumption by increasing the blending temperature. In addition, utilizing warm mix additive could also significantly promote blending efficiency.

ACS Style

Xiangdao Hou; Chamod Hettiarachchi; Feipeng Xiao; Zifeng Zhao; Qian Xiang; Dara Yong. Blending efficiency improvement and energy investigation of recycled asphalt mixture involved warm mix technology. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 279, 123732 .

AMA Style

Xiangdao Hou, Chamod Hettiarachchi, Feipeng Xiao, Zifeng Zhao, Qian Xiang, Dara Yong. Blending efficiency improvement and energy investigation of recycled asphalt mixture involved warm mix technology. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 279 ():123732.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiangdao Hou; Chamod Hettiarachchi; Feipeng Xiao; Zifeng Zhao; Qian Xiang; Dara Yong. 2020. "Blending efficiency improvement and energy investigation of recycled asphalt mixture involved warm mix technology." Journal of Cleaner Production 279, no. : 123732.

Journal article
Published: 25 July 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
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Being one of the most common method to restore the structural and functional capabilities for distressed Portland cement concrete pavement, the practice of asphalt concrete overlay dates to the mid-20th century and even earlier. Workmanships and techniques adopted for the application had been widely researched. In view of the increasing demand for pavement rehabilitation, this work summarizes the following: firstly, the basic procedures for asphalt concrete overlay construction by considering about 100 papers published since 1950 to till date. Secondly, the overlay thickness design methods including the thickness deficiency-based approach and thickness analytical-based approach. Thirdly, the advantages and disadvantages of various kinds of interlayers adopted in engineering fields. Fourthly, the possible factors that would affect the propagation of reflection cracks, such as traffic volume, overlay binder type, base condition, etc. Fifthly, the possible construction alternatives in terms of construction period and traffic closure. Overall, by employing analytical-based methods, this review brings to light that additional overlay thickness can reduce the fatigue stress, thermal stress, and traffic loading stress at the bottom of the overlay, resulting in overall smaller stress level. Moreover, additional overlay thickness also contributes to the decrease in daily reflection crack length according to Paris’ law. Further, this review stresses the indispensable role for pre-overlay treatment and recommends careful investigations during overlay construction.

ACS Style

Zifeng Zhao; Xin Guan; Feipeng Xiao; Zuping Xie; Ping Xia; Qingyue Zhou. Applications of asphalt concrete overlay on Portland cement concrete pavement. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 264, 120045 .

AMA Style

Zifeng Zhao, Xin Guan, Feipeng Xiao, Zuping Xie, Ping Xia, Qingyue Zhou. Applications of asphalt concrete overlay on Portland cement concrete pavement. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 264 ():120045.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zifeng Zhao; Xin Guan; Feipeng Xiao; Zuping Xie; Ping Xia; Qingyue Zhou. 2020. "Applications of asphalt concrete overlay on Portland cement concrete pavement." Construction and Building Materials 264, no. : 120045.

Journal article
Published: 20 June 2020 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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The degree of blending of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) binder is profoundly influencing the performance of asphalt mixtures containing RAP. Hence, it is essential to know the amount of RAP binder mobilized into the mixture to produce more durable asphalt mixtures. However, understanding the factors affecting the degree of blending and quantifying the degree of blending is still an open problem for researchers. This study investigates the effect of several factors such as blending method, blending temperature, blending duration, and RAP content on the degree of blending using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the extracted binder from mixtures. It is revealed that the blending method, blending temperature, and blending duration have a significant influence on the degree of blending. The study revealed that prolonged blending durations and elevated mixing temperatures could improve the degree of blending. The amount of RAP in the mixture has little or no influence on the degree of blending. Further, based on the results, a blending chart is developed to determine the degree of blending with regard to blending duration and blending temperature.

ACS Style

Chamod Hettiarachchi; Xiangdao Hou; Qian Xiang; Dara Yong; Feipeng Xiao. A blending efficiency model for virgin and aged binders in recycled asphalt mixtures based on blending temperature and duration. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2020, 161, 104957 .

AMA Style

Chamod Hettiarachchi, Xiangdao Hou, Qian Xiang, Dara Yong, Feipeng Xiao. A blending efficiency model for virgin and aged binders in recycled asphalt mixtures based on blending temperature and duration. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2020; 161 ():104957.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chamod Hettiarachchi; Xiangdao Hou; Qian Xiang; Dara Yong; Feipeng Xiao. 2020. "A blending efficiency model for virgin and aged binders in recycled asphalt mixtures based on blending temperature and duration." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 161, no. : 104957.

Articles
Published: 18 May 2020 in International Journal of Pavement Engineering
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The inert surface of Ground Tire Rubber (GTR) particles results in its weak compatibility with asphalt matrix and thus causes serious phase separation in rubberised asphalt. Meanwhile, plasma treatment is able to modify the polymer surface effectively. This study applied cold plasma to modify the surface of GTR particles for compatibility improvement in rubberised asphalt. The surface characteristics of plasma-treated GTR particles with varying treatment power and time were investigated, by means of water contact angle metre, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), respectively. The results reported the enhanced surface hydrophilicity, lipophilicity, and roughness as well as the incorporation of oxygen-containing functional groups of GTR particles after plasma treatment. The optimal processing parameters were determined as the discharge power of 250 W and the processing time of 8 min. The GTR-asphalt compability after the most effective plasma treatment was evaluated by measuring the storage stability and rotational viscosity of rubberised binder. Regardless of base asphalt source, GTR particle size and dosage, cold plasma treatment truly enhanced the compatibility. Furthermore, the increased dosage from 10% to 20% and the decreased size from 30 to 80 mesh generally had a growing positive effect on compatibility.

ACS Style

Jin Li; Shenglei Yao; Feipeng Xiao; Serji N. Amirkhanian. Surface modification of ground tire rubber particles by cold plasma to improve compatibility in rubberised asphalt. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2020, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Jin Li, Shenglei Yao, Feipeng Xiao, Serji N. Amirkhanian. Surface modification of ground tire rubber particles by cold plasma to improve compatibility in rubberised asphalt. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2020; ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jin Li; Shenglei Yao; Feipeng Xiao; Serji N. Amirkhanian. 2020. "Surface modification of ground tire rubber particles by cold plasma to improve compatibility in rubberised asphalt." International Journal of Pavement Engineering , no. : 1-12.