When peanuts are harvested, the high rate of pod crush and pods leakage are the main problems in the current peanut fruit picking process. Optimized peanut picking rollers help to improve peanut harvesting efficiency. This paper investigates the fruit picking system of a three-monopoly, six-row semi-feeding peanut combine harvester, in order to reduce the rate of crush and leakage of peanut pods during the picking process. Firstly, this article specifies the structure and basic parameters of peanut picking pairs of rollers. Secondly, this paper combines JKR (Johnson-Kendall-Roberts) model theory, crash model simulation analysis, a field test, and other methods. Motion and force analysis are presented in detail for the peanut picking mechanism and associated harvesting components. The optimum clamping chain speed, the angle of installation of the picking rollers to the clamping chain, and the picking rollers’ speed are determined. A three-factor, three-level regression orthogonal combination test was designed to obtain regression models for pod crushed and pods leakage rate. The regression model’s response surface analysis concluded that when the clamping chain speed is 0.84–1.2 m/s, the fruit picking roller angle is 10°–11.2° and the fruit picking roller speed is 442 r/min–500 r/min. It is the optimal working parameter for the three-monopoly six-row peanut combine harvester. At this point, the peanut harvesting requirements are met, and the overall performance is significantly improved. This paper lays the foundation for the development of the semi-feeding peanut picking system.

Aiming to address the problems of poor separation of peanuts and soil and severe damage of pods during peanut harvesting in saline soil, a peanut digging and harvesting machine was designed using extrusion shaking vibration and roller extrusion. Theoretical calculations determined the structural parameters of critical components. The law of motion of the seedling soil assemblage at the stage of separation and transportation was derived by analyzing the kinematic properties. The soil extrusion vibration crushing dispersion and sieving process was analyzed, and the factors affecting soil crushing and separation were determined by establishing the extrusion collision model. One-way and orthogonal tests used soil content, breakage, and loss rates as test indicators. The orthogonal test showed that the working parameters were as follows: working speed was 0.889 m/s, the inclination angle was 21.5°, the working line speed of the sieve surface was 2.00 m/s and the roller gap of the roller squeezing device was 37 mm, the peanut harvesting rate of soil content was 1.36%, the breakage rate was 0.78%, and the loss rate was 1.15%. The paper references developing a peanut harvester for clay-heavy soil with soil separation performance improvement.