Climate change impacts agricultural production negatively. Therefore, rural residents experience large income and consumption fluctuations when dealing with climate change risks. However, little is known about whether digital financial inclusion can help rural residents improve their ability to resist climate change. This study uses the Peking University Digital Financial Inclusion Index of China and China Household Finance Survey data, together with historical temperature data from major cities, to study the impact of digital financial inclusion on Chinese rural residents’ consumption in response to climate change. The results suggest that digital financial inclusion significantly promotes rural households’ total consumption and consumption upgrades. Heterogeneity analyses also show that digital financial inclusion predominantly affects low-income households, low-asset households, and households living in China’s central and western regions. The instrumental variable and control function methods were used for robustness, and our main conclusions are robust and reliable. Although climate change reduces rural residents’ consumption and increases their risks, digital finance inclusion significantly mitigates this negative effect. The government can increase the usage depth of digital financial inclusion in rural areas by promoting the construction of digital financial inclusion facilities. The government should strive to deepen the impact of digital financial inclusion on rural household income and consumption to further improve their ability to resist climate risks.

China has moved into a new stage of its fight against poverty, where the further raising of rural household income is of great importance. Health risk is one of the biggest obstacles to the poverty reduction progress. Therefore, how to cope with the negative effects of health risks has attracted the attention of scholars, especially in the background of the global outbreak of COVID-19. In this paper, we try to explore whether mobile payment, a new form of payment, can improve the income of rural households and mitigate the lower income condition caused by health risks in China. Using data from the 2017 China Household Finance Survey, we found: (1) mobile payment can substantially increase rural household income; (2) health risks will lower the income of rural residents, but mobile payment can lessen this negative effect. Mechanism analysis indicates that mobile payment is likely to ease liquidity constraints, increase social interaction, and stimulate entrepreneurship for rural households. We advised the government to promote mobile payment adoption in rural areas and enhance its design. Additionally, better medical resources should also be made available to rural households.