The residual acrylamide in food paper packaging can be transferred into water and food, which will cause harmful effects on human beings. In this paper, a rapid and easily available fluorescent probe based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/Eu (Ⅲ) nanocomposites was designed to detect the residue acrylamide with high sensibility. The probe could respond in 1 min. The concentration of acrylamide was linearly correlated to the fluorescence intensity of the probe at the emission wavelength of 615 nm in the concentration range of 0.1–100 μmol/L. The limit of detection (LOD) of the probe was 0.085 μg/L, which is lower than the guideline value of the European Union, the U.S. EPA, and the WHO. An experiment was performed to simulate the acrylamide migrating from food-contacting paper materials to different foods, including waterborne food, alcohol beverage, acidic food, and greasy food. The recoveries and RSDs of acrylamide in all samples indicated that the CMC/Eu (Ⅲ) fluorescent probe was efficient for acrylamide detection. The possible mechanism of the probe for acrylamide detection involved both dynamically quenching and static quenching by forming of non-fluorescent substances.

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease increasingly treated with peptide therapeutics, yet their clinical use remains largely dependent on subcutaneous injection, compromising adherence and causing injection-related complications. Here, we developed a novel formulation to enhance oral semaglutide delivery and its penetration into skin tissue. Methods: This novel system was composed of betaine, glycerol, and sodium salcaprozate (SNAC) and was termed BGS, forming a deep eutectic solvent. Results: The BGS drug delivery system markedly suppressed semaglutide aggregation, shifting the peak particle size from 125.9 nm in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to 51.7 nm. It also enhanced semaglutide transport across Caco-2 monolayers, increasing the apparent permeability by 4.22-fold relative to PBS. In ex vivo porcine skin, BGS enhanced semaglutide penetration and accumulation, with the amount retained in skin reaching 86.34 ± 6.12 μg/cm² at 24 h, approximately 4.51 times that with PBS. Following oral administration, BGS-formulated semaglutide achieved 1.02 ± 0.05% bioavailability, 14.57 times that of oral semaglutide. Compared with commercial formulation, oral semaglutide reached similar bioavailability, with a 74.5% SNAC decrease helping the formation of BGS via supramolecular interactions. In obese and diabetic mice, BGS effectively suppressed body weight gain and ameliorated hyperglycemia. BGS also showed favorable biocompatibility, with 0.25 ± 0.29% hemolysis and cell viability above 83% at 500 μg/mL. Conclusions: Overall, these findings demonstrate that BGS combines peptide stabilization, enhanced intestinal transport, and improved semaglutide accumulation within skin tissue, highlighting its potential for peptide delivery.

To address challenges associated with the water–food nexus under climate change and population growth, a multifunctional cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogel (L-CF/CMCAA-1ATP) was developed by incorporating carboxyl-functionalized lotus cellulose fibers (L-CF) derived from waste lotus stems via deep eutectic solvent extraction and spray drying into a carboxymethyl cellulose/acrylic acid/attapulgite hydrogel network. Under optimized conditions, the L-CF/CMCAA-1ATP hydrogel exhibited an equilibrium swelling capacity of 1979 g/g in deionized water and retained 74.37% of absorbed water after 250 min at 75 °C. Soil application significantly improved water-holding capacity (40.11% to 56.55%) and maintained 34.41% water retention after 21 days. Additionally, cumulative nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium losses were reduced by 28.84%, 28.56%, and 42.23%, respectively, after five leaching cycles, with DFT calculations indicating that nutrient retention arises from hydrogen-bonding interactions with carboxyl, hydroxyl, and siloxane groups in the hydrogel network. Agricultural assays demonstrated enhanced maize growth, with chlorophyll content increasing by 21.56% compared with the control. Cell viability remained above 95% at all tested concentrations, confirming low cytotoxicity. These results demonstrate that the L-CF/CMCAA-1ATP superabsorbent hydrogel combines excellent water absorbency, water retention, nutrient conservation, plant growth promotion, and low in vitro cytotoxicity, highlighting its potential as a waste-valorization approach for utilizing agricultural residues and improving water and nutrient management in agriculture.