The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between phase angle (PhA) and physical function in institutionalized, independent older adults. Physical function was evaluated using the Senior Fitness Test Battery. PhA was measured by electrical bioimpedance at 50 khz, and body composition parameters were also registered. Results showed that PhA significantly correlated with all physical fitness tests, except for arm curls. Regarding the results of the multivariate analysis, three models were created: Model 1, formed by a dependent variable “PhA” and two predictor variables “8 ft up-and-go” and “6 min walk”; Model 2, formed by a dependent variable “PhA” and three predictor variables “8 ft up-and-go”, “6 min walk” and “30-s chair stand”; and Model 3, formed by a dependent variable “PhA” and four predictor variables “8 ft up-and-go”, “6 min walk”, “30-s chair stand” and “arm curl”. Results showed that predictor variables had a significant influence on the PhA for all three models (Model 1: p = 0.001, 12.5%; Model 2: p = 0.002, 12.9%; and Model 3: p = 0.005, 13.1%). For women, Model 1 showed a significant influence of predictor variables on the PhA (p = 0.030, 9.3%). The results for men in Models 1, 2 and 3 showed significant influences on the PhA (p = 0.002, 31.2%; p = 0.006, 31.6%; and p = 0.016, 31.6%; respectively). This study confirmed previous studies regarding to the relationship between PhA and physical function. It also indicates that PhA could be an excellent predictor of physical function.

In typical aging, it is possible to observe a decline in psychomotor domains, such as balance or global and fine motor skills as well as a cognitive and functional decline. Although, it is not clear which psychomotor domains are mostly affected in elderly with dementia and the association with the cognitive and functional level. To identify the correlation between psychomotor, cognitive, and functional skills, and seeking whether there are differences among persons with and without dementia. A total of 120 persons with dementia (ages between 61 and 99 years old; mean age 80.6 ± 7.4) and 377 persons without dementia (ages between 60 and 99 years old; mean age 77.2 ± 8.7) were recruited from nursing homes, day-care centers, and home care. Consenting participants were assessed in psychomotor, cognitive, and functional domains using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) to assess cognitive impairment, the Barthel Index (BI), and Lawton Index (LI) to identify basic and instrumental activities of daily living and a Portuguese Version of Éxamen Geronto-Psychomoteur (P-EGP) to evaluate psychomotor skills. People with dementia showed a higher percentage of cognitive deficit and higher level of dependency in basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Further, findings also showed significant differences in psychomotor domains and total of P-EGP, with exception of Joint Mobilizations of Upper and Lower Limbs. There were moderate to strong correlations between the totals of the scales, and between the totals and domains. The population with dementia has higher percentage of cognitive deficit, higher dependency on the performance of basic and instrumental activities of daily living and poorer psychomotor performance, except in joint mobilizations. It was also possible to find strong correlations between the total of P-EGP and the total of cognitive and functional scales. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Despite substantial evidence supporting the benefits of physical activity (PA) for older adults, participation rates remain low due to physical, psychological, social, and institutional barriers. Recruiting older adults for PA studies thus presents significant challenges, particularly for socially vulnerable populations and those facing digital literacy limitations in technology-assisted PA interventions. The present study aimed to articulate and establish a consensus among multidisciplinary and multinational PA experts regarding key considerations and requirements for designing and implementing recruitment of older adults for PA studies. This study employed a mixed-methods consensus approach integrating a structured formal consensus process with a two-round Delphi survey. Through face-to-face and online discussions, an expert panel group formulated 104 initial recommendations regarding the recruitment of older adults for PA studies. In the first Delphi round, 42 external experts assessed the relevance of each recommendation, and recommendations with a ≥ 70% agreement threshold were considered consensual. The second round included 60 refined recommendations that were evaluated by 31 experts. A final consensus was reached through iterative expert panel discussions. Of the 104 initial recommendations, 52 (50%) met the inclusion threshold during the first round. In the second round of Delphi, 36 of the 60 revised recommendations (60%) achieved consensus, with agreement ranging from 71.0 to 96.8%. The final consensus process established 34 key recommendations categorized into four domains: (1) ethical principles (71.7–93.5%), (2) informed consent (71.0–96.8%), (3) stakeholder engagement (61.3–83.9%), and (4) recruitment strategies for technology-assisted PA interventions (74.2–87.1%). However, there remains a lack of consensus on the extent to which sociocultural diversity and differences in sample representation should be addressed. This study provides expert-driven, consensus-based recommendations to improve the recruitment of older adults for PA studies. Adherence to ethical considerations, informed consent procedures, stakeholder collaboration, and tailored strategies for technology-assisted interventions were highlighted. These findings offer practical guidance for researchers and practitioners in planning and obtaining adequate participation in PA studies involving older adults.

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychophysiological response of a Crohn’s Disease patient in an ultra-endurance event. The psychophysiological responses of a Crohn’s Disease and non-Crohn’s Disease participant were analysed before during and after an 8 h ultra-endurance running event. Results showed how Crohn’s patient presented a similar psychophysiological response than non-Crohn’s participant in the ultra-endurance event, except for a higher pre- and post-event sympathetic modulation, lower event sympathetic tone, and lower event body temperature. This study could contribute to improving physical activity recommendations for persons with Crohn’s Disease and open a new research line for an improved understanding of psychophysiological modifications of Crohn’s Disease patients during exercise.

Background: The global prevalence of dementia presents profound challenges for health care systems, societies, and legal structures worldwide. While the ethical dimensions of dementia care have been extensively discussed in the literature, limited research addresses how ethical principles are effectively operationalized within legal frameworks governing dementia care. Objective: We aim to explore how national, European, and international legal instruments integrate and translate ethical principles such as autonomy, dignity, beneficence, and justice into dementia care legal documents, including case law and legislation. Methods: This study will be conducted by a team of 24 researchers from 15 European countries, within a European Union (EU)–funded European Cooperation in Science and Technology Action on dementia care. The project applies a combined methodological approach, using qualitative thematic synthesis and a legal document review framework. Legal documents published between 2010 and 2025 will be searched and qualitatively analyzed at 3 levels: national, EU, and international, including legislation, case law, and authoritative legal literature explicitly addressing dementia care. Researchers from each country will conduct searches in national legal databases using predefined search terms. At the EU and international levels, databases such as Westlaw, Lexis+, the European Court of Human Rights, and the European Ombudsman will be consulted. Key information from each document will be collected using a standardized data extraction tool, focusing on ethical principles and frameworks. Data analysis will combine deductive and inductive approaches, allowing the identification of ethical principles and the emergence of new concepts discussed in the documents. Thematic analysis will follow a 3-stage process: line-by-line coding, grouping codes into descriptive themes, and developing analytical themes to address the research questions. Results: This study will identify and categorize ethical principles embedded in legal documents, analyzing their expression, interpretation, and variability across jurisdictions. The project is scheduled to be implemented throughout 2025. In January 2025, a pilot test of the data extraction tool was conducted. Between February 2025 and April 2025, a systematic search of legal documents meeting the inclusion criteria was performed, applying a structured 3-level search strategy. Data extraction and initial coding are planned from May 2025 to July 2025, followed by data analysis between September 2025 and October 2025, through iterative coding and collaborative discussion. The final research paper will be drafted in November 2025. Conclusions: This cross-country thematic synthesis will provide critical insights into how ethical principles guide dementia care and shape its discussion within legal systems. By systematically analyzing legal instruments through an ethical lens, this study aims to bridge the gap between ethical theory and legal practice, offering valuable guidance for future policy development. The findings will contribute to promoting ethically grounded and legally coherent frameworks for dementia care, safeguarding the rights and dignity of individuals living with dementia across diverse legal cultures. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/71490

Aim: The rationale for this current study was to assess the factors associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms in a cohort of students from seven universities across the European education system. Furthermore, the research sought to assess the barriers and facilitators for seeking support when students perceive any mental health issues. Methods: A cross‐sectional multicenter study was conducted, which included 4830 higher education students from seven European countries. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD‐7) were used to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. The Mental Health Inventory (MHI‐5) assessed general psychological well‐being. A questionnaire was used to assess preferences regarding support‐seeking behavior and perceived barriers in the event of mental distress. Linear mixed models (LMMs) were used in the statistical analysis. Results: Swedish students reported lower levels of moderate to severe depressive symptoms (34.1%) and moderate to severe anxiety (27.9%) when compared, for example, with Irish students (63.1% and 52.9%, respectively). Younger students, females, students with a history of mental disorder and lower levels of academic performance, or from a poorer socioeconomic background reported increased rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms. The most valued support‐seeking strategies were speaking to friends or engaging in psychotherapy; in contrast, the most cited barrier to seeking support was the expense related to professional therapy and long waiting times for an appointment with professional therapists. Conclusion: There is a need to develop and/or review mental health promotion strategies for higher education students across Europe. These strategies need to consider the individual and culturally specific needs of higher education students so that they are effective in removing perceived barriers when seeking support in the event of mental distress.