Background: Aging among people living with HIV (PLWH) presents multifaceted challenges influenced by antiretroviral therapy (ART), chronic inflammation, viral coinfections, stigma, multimorbidity, and immunosuppression. Methods: This review synthesizes recent research findings to outline factors contributing to aging with HIV. A comprehensive literature search was done using electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and CINAHL with keywords “HIV,” “Aging,” “Elderly,” “Geriatrics,” “Older Adults,” “HIV Infections,” and “HIV/AIDS. Results: Addressing age‐related comorbidities, cognitive impairment, and non‐AIDS events is imperative as older PLWH face increased morbidity and mortality rates compounded by coinfections such as HCV, HPV, TB, HSV, and bacterial infections. While ART is vital for viral suppression, it introduces challenges such as mitochondrial toxicity, metabolic disorders, and decreased CD4 cell counts, accelerating the aging process. Lifestyle factors, including smoking, substance abuse, malnutrition, sedentary behavior, and mental health conditions, further exacerbate aging in PLWH. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the necessity of holistic approaches to meet the unique healthcare needs of older PLWH, with insights into immunosenescence, coinfections, disease progression, ART exposure, and lifestyle factors. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for improving health outcomes and quality of life in aging PLWH.

The “thrifty genotype” hypothesis has thus far described the relationship between specific genes and the population’s resilience to food scarcity circumstances, but its link to the widespread prevalence of genetic diseases and metabolic syndrome has not been adequately mapped. The purpose of the study was to discover genes responsible for thrifty metabolism. A systematic search with keywords was performed for relevant titles. This study used the article’s database published by Pubmed, Proquest, and EBSCO from January, 2009 to September, 2022. Out of 418 papers screened for eligibility, the final evaluation determined that five studies should be included in the analysis. Results indicated that PPARGC1A Gly482Ser led to high BMI in the Tongans population but was unrelated to the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but this was not the case in the Maori population. Significantly differing frequencies of PPAR C1431T and Pro12Ala gene polymorphisms were observed in the Iranian population. GWAS identification of additional genes in Asian and European populations did not produce consistent findings. As a summary, PPARGC1A Gly482Ser addresses as the gene responsible for thrifty metabolism in the Pacific population although some studies show inconsistent results.

Keseimbangan proses seluler diperlukan untuk menjaga homeostasis suatu jaringan. Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) merupakan sitokin multifungsional yang berperan penting dalam regulasi beberapa proses seluler termasuk self renewal dan diferensiasi sel. Sifat pleiotropik TGF-β berimplikasi pada munculnya suatu proses patologis apabila terjadi deregulasi pada jalur pengaktifannya sehingga TGF-β juga berperan dalam meregulasi homeostasis . Jalur sinyal TGF-β berperan dominan pada diferensiasi sel dengan mengatur ekspresi gen-gen yang berfungsi dalam proses proliferasi sel dan perbaikan jaringan. Proses perkembangan stem cell yang meliputi self renewal dan diferensiasi sel dipengaruhi oleh faktor intrinsik yang terdiri dari epigenetik dan faktor transkripsi utama, sedangkan faktor ekstrinsik yang berpengaruh terdiri dari inhibitor dan jalur sinyal. TGF-β berperan dalam mengaktifkan sinyal proliferasi sel.

ABSTRAK International Diabetes Federation (IDF) memperkirakan prevalensi global penderita diabetes mencapai angka 578 juta pada tahun 2030 dan 700 juta pada tahun 2045. Indonesia menempati peringkat ke-7 negara dengan jumlah penderita diabetes terbanyak dan merupakan satu-satunya negara di Asia Tenggara yang masuk dalam daftar tersebut. Hal tersebut erat kaitannya dengan tingginya faktor risiko diabetes dan kurangnya pengetahuan tentang langkah-langkah pencegahan dan pengendalian diabetes. Oleh karena itu diperlukan upaya secara terus menerus untuk memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat tentang prevalensi diabetes, faktor risiko yang menjadi pemicunya, serta upaya dalam mencegah dan mengendalikannya. Kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang faktor risiko diabetes serta upaya untuk mencegah terjadinya diabetes melitus. Metode yang dilakukan berupa pemberian pretest, pemaparan materi, dan posttest dengan sasaran kegiatan adalah kelompok ibu-ibu PKK Griya Sakinah 1 Gedongan Colomadu Karanganyar. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah diberikan edukasi sebesar 72,3% dengan p<0,05. Simpulan kegiatan ini bahwa edukasi meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang prevalensi, faktor risiko, dan pencegahan serta pengendalian diabetes melitus. ABSTRACT The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that the global prevalence of diabetics will reach 578 million in 2030 and 700 million in 2045. Indonesia is ranked 7th for the country with the highest number of diabetics and is the only country in Southeast Asia included in the list. This is closely related to the high risk factors for diabetes and the lack of knowledge about diabetes prevention and control approaches. Therefore, continuous efforts are needed to provide information to the public about the prevalence of diabetes, the risk factors that trigger it, as well as efforts to prevent and control it. This activity aimed to improve public knowledge about diabetes risk factors and efforts to prevent and manage this disease. The method used was in the form of pre-test, material presentation, and post-test with the target of the activity being a group of PKK Griya Sakinah 1 Gedongan Colomadu women. The results of the analysis showed that there was an increase in knowledge before and after being given education of 72.3% with p<0.05. The conclusion of this activity is that education improves public knowledge about the prevalence, risk factors, and prevention and control of diabetes mellitus.

Central Java ranks fourth among regions for the highest number of diabetes melitus (DM) cases, following Jakarta, Yogyakarta, and East Kalimantan. Grogol District in Sukoharjo Regency had the greatest prevalence of DM cases in 2019, accounting for 18.41% of the total. Diabetes melitus significantly impairs the overall well-being of individuals as it affects individuals across all age groups, including those who can work and those who cannot. If left unmanaged, it can lead to a range of outcomes. The Karanglo Village community is considered at high risk for diabetes melitus (DM) due to a history of health ailments and elevated blood glucose levels. Furthermore, this region is still lacking any health education interventions. This activity aimed to do earlier screening and monitoring of blood sugar levels, as well as providing health education, using the SEE approach (Screening, Health Education, and Exercise) to monitor diabetes melitus. The program was implemented in the period from November 2023 to January 2024, which includes a total of 27 participants, all of whom are female. The implementation of the programs involves the following methods: conducting blood sugar level screenings, engaging in diabetes exercises twice a week, providing health education in six meetings that cover topics such as the epidemiology and etiology, risk factors and prevention, symptoms and diagnosis, complications and management of DM, as well as blood glucose monitoring. Apart from using tools in the form of presentation slides, health education also utilized educational posters. At the end of the program, there was an increase in knowledge by 21.5% (p=0.024) based on pretest and posttest scores, improvements in blood sugar levels, total cholesterol levels, and body mass index. To follow up on the program, a group of independent blood sugar observers has been formed who is responsible for further monitoring blood sugar in program participants.

Sleep plays a role in restoring the body's biochemical and physiological processes which decrease when awake. People is not familiar yet with sleep disturbances, so they rarely seek help. Sleep disturbances can cause family problems and are at risk of fatal traffic accidents. Fragant Pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) contains alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids which can provide a hypnotic sedative effect. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fragant Pandan leaf extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) administration in shortening the sleep induction time of male Swiss Webster strain mice. A post-test only design experimental laboratory study was conducted with control group design. The test animals used were 25 Swiss Webster male mice divided into five groups randomly : G1 group was given distilled water, G2 was given diazepam dose 1 mg / KgBB, the G3, G4 and G5 groups were given fragant Pandan leaf extract with a dose of 4 mg/25g BB, 6 mg/25g BB and 8mg/25g BB, respectively. One Way ANOVA statistical test showed significant differences in mice sleep onset (p=0.000) between groups. The results of the Post Hoc test using LSD analysis showed that there were significant differences between positive controls with groups G3, G4 and G5. Fragrant Pandan leaf extract dose of 8 mg/g BB can shorten the time of mice sleep induction male Swiss Webster strain mice. While the dose of 4 mg/g BB cannot shorten the time of induction of sleeping mice. Keywords: Fragant Pandan leaf extract; Hypnotic-sedative; Sleep disturbances.