Chemically ordered hard magnetic L1₀-FeNi phase of higher grade than cosmic meteorites is produced artificially. Present alloy design shortens the formation time from hundreds of millions of years for natural meteorites to less than 300 hours. Electron diffraction detects four-fold 110 superlattice reflections and a high chemical order parameter (S "Equation missing"<!-- image only, no MathML or LaTex --> 0.8) for the developed L1₀-FeNi phase. The magnetic field of more than 3.5 kOe is required for the switching of magnetization. Experimental results along with computer simulation suggest that the ordered phase is formed due to three factors related to the amorphous state: high diffusion rates of the constituent elements at lower temperatures when crystallizing, a large driving force for precipitation of the L1₀ phase and the possible presence of L1₀ clusters. Present results can resolve mineral exhaustion issues in the development of next-generation hard magnetic materials because the alloys are free from rare-earth elements and the technique is well suited for mass production.

Microstructure and magnetic properties of high B_s Fe₈₅Si₂B₈P₄Cu₁ nano-crystalline alloy were tailored. The B_s ∼ 1.85 T and low coercivity H_c ∼ 6 A/m were obtained by conventional annealing (i.e., one step) at a heating rate of ∼400 °C/min. While one step annealing process produces a fairly stable nanostructure, for short times at temperatures <425 °C, the nanostructure and concomitant magnetic properties of this alloy are shown to be tunable by two step annealing process. Nanocrystalline ribbons with grain size (D) ranging from ∼15 to 32 nm, H_c ∼ 6 to 140 A/m and core-loss at 1.5 T, 50 Hz ∼ 0.39 ∼ 5.0 W/kg were obtained. The H_c of Fe₈₅Si₂B₈P₄Cu₁ alloy is shown to vary as D⁶, but a small deviation was noticed, which may be due to weak anisotropy.