Despite extensive efforts to control the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), it remains endemic in Western Java, Indonesia. To understand the limited effectiveness of HPAI control measures, it is important to map the complex structure of the poultry sector. The governance of the poultry value chain in particular, could play a pivotal role, yet there is limited information on the different chain governance structures and their impacts on HPAI control. This article uses value chain analysis (VCA), focusing on an in-depth assessment of governance structures as well as transaction cost economics and quantitative estimates of the market power of different chain actors, to establish a theoretical framework to examine biosecurity and HPAI control in the Western Java poultry chain. During the research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with key value-chain stakeholders, and the economic performance of identified actors was estimated. Results indicated the co-existence of four different poultry value chains in West Java: the integrator chain, the semi-automated slaughterhouse chain, the controlled slaughter-point chain, and the private slaughter-point chain. The integrator chain was characterized by the highest levels of coordination and a tight, hierarchical governance. In contrast, the other three types of value chains were less coordinated. The market power of the different actors within the four value chains also differed. In more integrated chains, slaughterhouses held considerable market power, while in more informal value chains, market power was in the hands of traders. The economic effects of HPAI and biosecurity measures also varied for the identified actors in the different value chains. Implementation of biosecurity and HPAI control measures was strongly related to the governance structure of the chain, with interactions between different chains and governance structures accentuating the risk of HPAI. Our findings highlight that a proper understanding of the chain governance structure is vital to improve the effectiveness of HPAI control measures, by making the interventions more specific and fit-for-purpose given the incentive structures present in different chains.

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in business, technology, and social interactions, creating a new normal that has important implications for the role of technology, including mobile banking services that offer safer and more hygienic payment methods than cash. Innovations in mobile banking services have been considered to have the ability to provide unbanked customers with better access in growing markets such as Indonesia, which still has a huge unbanked population of 100 million people. This study evaluates the driving factors of mobile banking adoption by 1441 banking customers among major digital banks in Indonesia. Data collected between September 2022 and March 2023 were examined using PLS-SEM with Smart PLS 4.0.9.6. This study extends the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB) framework by including Disease Risk, Trust, Firm Reputation, Perceived Risk, Performance Risk, Privacy Risk, Financial Risk, Psychological Risk, Time Risk, and Disease Risk. The findings show that Trust, Attitude, Perceived Behavior Control, Perceived Risk, Psychological Risk, and Disease Risk play a significant role in respondents’ intention to adopt mobile banking services. In contrast, Subjective Norm, Firm Reputation, Performance Risk, Privacy Risk, Financial Risk, and Time Risk had lower impacts. The findings suggest that users choose mobile banking over cash as a safety measure. As a result, banks must prioritize their mobile banking innovations tailored to personalized user experience to deepen engagement, with easy-to-use navigation that fits the lifestyles, values, and needs of banking customers.

This study explores the roles and interactions of stakeholders within the coffee supply chain across several districts in West Java, including Bandung, Garut, Ciamis, Tasikmalaya, and Bogor. Utilizing the MICMAC and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) This analysis focuses on coffee farmers, cooperatives, agricultural extension workers, financial institutions, universities, and agricultural agencies. The research identifies key factors influencing the sustainability and efficiency of the supply chain, such as extreme weather, environmental risks, inconsistent raw material quality, suboptimal processing practices, delays in raw material delivery, dependence on single suppliers, price fluctuations, government regulations, production failures, and technological limitations in processing. The findings highlight the challenges faced by farmers, including production risks and market instability, while cooperatives facilitate market access and training but are constrained by price volatility and limited financial resources. Agricultural extension workers support knowledge transfer and sustainable practices; financial institutions provide risk-based financing; universities contribute technological innovation; and agricultural agencies maintain quality standards. By integrating MICMAC and ISM methods, this study maps the hierarchical relationships between these factors and their interdependencies, offering a structured framework for prioritizing interventions. The research underscores the importance of collaborative efforts among stakeholders to strengthen farmer capacities, manage risks, and drive innovation. Strategies such as adopting blockchain for supply chain transparency, product diversification, and flexible financing models are identified as critical to enhancing the resilience, sustainability, and global competitiveness of the coffee supply chain in West Java.

A new normal has been established as a result of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on social behavior, technology, and business. This has a significant effect on how technology is used, such as mobile banking services, which offer more hygienic and secure payment alternatives than cash. Mobile banking has been viewed as having the ability to enhance access to unbanked customers in developing economies such as Indonesia, where 100 million people remain unbanked. This study aims to develop strategies using importance-performance analysis (IPA) to improve adoption based on the perceived importance and performance of 1441 mobile banking users during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected using an online questionnaire administered during the period of September 2022 to March 2023 using the mobile banking adoption attributes of Attitude, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Compatibility, Subjective Norm, Interpersonal Influence, External Influence, Perceived Behavior Control, facilitating conditions, self-efficacy, firm reputation, trust, disease risk, performance risk, financial risk, privacy risk, time risk, psychological risk, and perceived risk. IPA results were divided into four quadrants: “concentrate here”, “keep up the good work”, “low priority”, and “possible overkill” with a representation that respondents regard as important and well-addressed. The findings show that bank strategists seeking competitive advantage must push innovation efforts to protect users by improving privacy risk and financial risk and enhancing mobile banking security from potential cyberattacks. Digital banks and associated institutions need to educate mobile banking customers on the benefits of security measures for these services, which may improve confidence and trust, and consequently, accelerate mobile banking adoption.