In this paper, various machine learning algorithms were used in order to predict the evolution of open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The datasets were built containing clinical observations and objective measurements made at the Countess of Chester Hospital in the UK and at the “St. Spiridon” Hospital of Iași, Romania. Using these datasets, different classification problems were proposed. The evaluation of glaucoma progression was conducted based on parameters such as VFI (Visual field index), MD (Mean Deviation), PSD (Pattern standard deviation), and RNFL (Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer). As classification tools, the following algorithms were used: Multilayer Perceptron, Random Forest, Random Tree, C4.5, k-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, and Non-Nested Generalized Exemplars. The best results, with an accuracy of over 90%, were obtained with Multilayer Perceptron and Random Forest algorithms. The NNGE algorithm also proved very useful in creating a hierarchy of the input values according to their influence (weight) on the considered outputs. On the other hand, the decision tree algorithms gave us insight into the logic used in their classification, which is of practical importance in obtaining additional information regarding the rationale behind a certain rule or decision.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes related to diabetic retinopathy (DR) (no changes, small or moderate changes) in patients with glaucoma and diabetes using artificial intelligence instruments: Support Vector Machines (SVM) in combination with a powerful optimization algorithm—Differential Evolution (DE). In order to classify the DR changes and to make predictions in various situations, an approach including SVM optimized with DE was applied. The role of the optimizer was to automatically determine the SVM parameters that lead to the lowest classification error. The study was conducted on a sample of 52 patients: particularly, 101 eyes with glaucoma and diabetes mellitus, in the Ophthalmology Clinic I of the “St. Spiridon” Clinical Hospital of Iaşi. The criteria considered in the modelling action were normal or hypertensive open-angle glaucoma, intraocular hypertension and associated diabetes. The patients with other types of glaucoma pseudoexfoliation, pigment, cortisone, neovascular and primitive angle-closure, and those without associated diabetes, were excluded. The assessment of diabetic retinopathy changes were carried out with Volk lens and Fundus Camera Zeiss retinal photography on the dilated pupil, inspecting all quadrants. The criteria for classifying the DR (early treatment diabetic retinopathy study—ETDRS) changes were: without changes (absence of DR), mild forma nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (the presence of a single micro aneurysm), moderate form (micro aneurysms, hemorrhages in 2–3 quadrants, venous dilatations and soft exudates in a quadrant), severe form (micro aneurysms, hemorrhages in all quadrants, venous dilatation in 2–3 quadrants) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (disk and retinal neovascularization in different quadrants). Any new clinical element that occurred in subsequent checks, which led to their inclusion in severe nonproliferative or proliferative forms of diabetic retinopathy, was considered to be the result of the progression of diabetic retinopathy. The results obtained were very good; in the testing phase, a 95.23% accuracy has been obtained, only one sample being wrongly classified. The effectiveness of the classification algorithm (SVM), developed in optimal form with DE, and used in predictions of retinal changes related to diabetes, was demonstrated.

Pancreatic pseudocyst is a complication of acute or chronic pancreatitis. The invasive treatment (surgical or endoscopic) is recommended if the pseudocyst persisted for more than 6 weeks after the diagnosis and if the size is larger than 6 cm and is symptomatic. The laparoscopic techniques have been developed to provide the patient with the benefits of a minimal access alternative. The aim of this article is to analyze the postoperative results of the pancreatic pseudocyst laparoscopic surgery. We have accomplished a restrospective study using clinical and para-clinical test results and postoperative results from the patients who have been treated with laparoscopic drainage. We reported a case of a large symptomatic pseudocyst after an attack of gallstone pancreatitis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and extern drainage have been performed at the same time with good postoperative results. Starting with year 2000 until year 2015, 85 patients, diagnosed with pancreatic pseudocyst, have been treated in the First Surgical Clinic, University Hospital Saint Spiridon Iasi. From which only 8 have been treated with laparoscopic drainage, encountering no mortality and morbidity. Postoperative hospital stay was 9,41 days. The postoperative drainage duration was between 5 and 21 days with a mean of 7 days. Late postoperative results were good in 6 patients and mediocre in the 2 patients. Conclusion: The laparoscopic technique has all the benefits of the minimal invasive approach. Better postoperative results were seen in cysto-digestive anastomosis using a Endo GIA stapler.