The potential therapeutic benefits of cannabidiol (CBD) require further study. Here, we report a triple-blind (participant, investigator, and outcome assessor) placebo-controlled crossover study in which 62 hypertensive volunteers were randomly assigned to receive the recently developed DehydraTECH2.0 CBD formulation or a placebo. This is the first study to have been conducted using the DehydraTECH2.0 CBD formulation over a 12-week study duration. The new formulation’s long-term effects on CBD concentrations in plasma and urine, as well as its metabolites 7-hydroxy-CBD and 7-carboxy-CBD, were analyzed. The results of the plasma concentration ratio for CBD/7-OH-CBD in the third timepoint (after 5 weeks of use) were significantly higher than in the second timepoint (after 2.5 weeks of use; p = 0.043). In the same timepoints in the urine, a significantly higher concentration of 7-COOH-CBD was observed p < 0.001. Differences in CBD concentration were found between men and women. Plasma levels of CBD were still detectable 50 days after the last consumption of the CBD preparations. Significantly higher plasma CBD concentrations occurred in females compared to males, which was potentially related to greater adipose tissue. More research is needed to optimize CBD doses to consider the differential therapeutic benefits in men and women.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, and available evidence suggests potential efficacy in the treatment of many disorders. DehydraTECH™2.0 CBD is a patented capsule formulation that improves the bioabsorption of CBD. We sought to compare the effects of CBD and DehydraTECH™2.0 CBD based on polymorphisms in CYP P450 genes and investigate the effects of a single CBD dose on blood pressure. In a randomized and double-blinded order, 12 females and 12 males with reported hypertension were given either placebo capsules or DehydraTECH™2.0 CBD (300 mg of CBD, each). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured during 3 h, and blood and urine samples were collected. In the first 20 min following the dose, there was a greater reduction in diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.025) and mean arterial pressure MAP (p = 0.056) with DehydraTECH™2.0 CBD, which was probably due to its greater CBD bioavailability. In the CYP2C9*2*3 enzyme, subjects with the poor metabolizer (PM) phenotype had higher plasma CBD concentrations. Both CYP2C19*2 (p = 0.037) and CYP2C19*17 (p = 0.022) were negatively associated with urinary CBD levels (beta = −0.489 for CYP2C19*2 and beta = −0.494 for CYP2C19*17). Further research is required to establish the impact of CYP P450 enzymes and the identification of metabolizer phenotype for the optimization of CBD formulations.

Due to cannabidiol’s health benefits and absence of serious side effects, its use is constantly growing. This is a survey-based cross-sectional study that was conducted to determine Croatian pharmacists’, physicians’, and students’ knowledge and attitudes about cannabidiol (CBD). Two questionnaires were created, one for students and the other for physicians and pharmacists. Our participants (in total 874: 473 students and 401 physicians and pharmacists) generally had positive attitudes towards CBD therapy as approximately 60% of them believe that CBD treatment is generally efficacious. Participants had positive attitudes toward the therapeutic value of CBD, especially pharmacists and pharmacy students (63.8% and 72.2%, respectively). Pharmacists were significantly more convinced that CBD could reduce the use of opioids prescribed for chronic pain (p < 0.05). Only 17.5% of students had read scientific papers about CBD, compared to a significantly higher percentage of physicians and pharmacists (43.0% and 47.8%, respectively) (p < 0.05). This study revealed a gap in knowledge regarding CBD, since 89.3% of pharmacists and physicians, as well as 84.8% of students, believe they need more education about CBD. We conclude that it is important to improve the educational curricula so that medical professionals can recommend CBD use to their patients when needed.

Kozmetički pripravci sadrže veliki broj sastojaka. Ovi sastojci mogu imati negativne učinke, najčešće u obliku alergijskih reakcija, kožnih iritacija, hormonalnih poremećaja te povećan rizik od malignih oboljenja. Ove supstancije su najčešće dodane kako bi zaštitile, omekšale i učinile proizvod korisnijim. Cilj ove studije bio je otkriti prisutnost nekih potencijalno štetnih supstancija kvalitativnom analizom kozmetičkih proizvoda koristeći GC-MS metodu i usporediti ih sa podacima navedenim na deklaracijama. Analizirano je 66 uzoraka: 10 dječjih šampona i kupki, 26 kozmetičkih proizvoda za pazušno područje te 30 uzoraka krema i seruma. U 4 uzorka dječjih šampona i kupki (40%) je dokazana prisutnost potencijalno štetnih sastojaka (parabeni i fenoksietanol) dok je dietil ftalat pronađen u svim uzorcima, ali nije naveden ni na jednoj deklaraciji ovih uzoraka. Parabeni su pronađeni u 7,7% proizvoda za pazušno područje iako uglavnom nisu navedeni na delaraciji proizvoda, a dietil ftalat je pronađen u 19% ovih uzoraka.U 24 uzorka krema i seruma (80%) pronađeni su butilhidroksitoluen, ciklopentasiloksan, ciklotetrasiloksan, benzofenon, trietanolamin, fenoksietanol i dietilftalat. Ova studija je dokazala čest slučaj zavaravajućih deklaracija kada se neki potencijalno štetni sastojci ne deklariraju. Potrebna je bolja regulacija deklaracija na proizvodima kao i strože kontrole utjecaja primarne ambalaže na sastav proizvoda nakon pakiranja.

Nicotine is the main psychoactive component of tobacco and is considered to be the main substance responsible for the development of tobacco addiction. The main enzyme responsible for nicotine metabolism, CYP2A6, catalyzes the conversion of nicotine to cotinine and the subsequent metabolism of cotinine to trans-3′-hydroxycotinine. CYP2A6 activity is known to be modulated by various compounds, such as quercetin. This repeated-measures study examined the effects of short-term quercetin supplementation on urinary nicotine metabolism biomarkers in adult users of conventional and alternative nicotine products. Seventy-two participants completed a two-week study protocol involving first-morning urine collection at four time points: baseline, immediately after three days of quercetin supplementation (500 mg/day), seven days after supplementation, and ten days after supplementation. Urinary nicotine, cotinine, and trans-3′-hydroxycotinine concentrations were measured, and the nicotine metabolite ratio was calculated as trans-3′-hydroxycotinine/cotinine. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate biomarker changes over time according to sex, nicotine product type, and self-reported nicotine consumption intensity. Quercetin supplementation did not consistently alter nicotine metabolism biomarkers, while a descriptive increase in median urinary nicotine concentration after supplementation was observed in participants reporting lower daily nicotine consumption compared with other groups. These findings suggest that further studies are warranted to better clarify the effects of quercetin on nicotine metabolism across different levels of nicotine exposure.

Cannabidiol (CBD) has attracted growing scientific and clinical interest due to its potential therapeutic applications and increasing availability across Europe. This narrative review examined the regulatory status, market availability, and clinical use of CBD in Croatia in relation to selected European Union countries and international reference models (Canada and Australia). A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, complemented by official regulatory and governmental sources. The analysis included Croatia, Germany, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Italy, France, and Finland, while Canada and Australia were discussed as international reference models. Considerable differences were identified regarding the regulation of CBD-containing products, access to medical cannabis, reimbursement policies, clinical implementation, and the role of pharmacists. Germany and the Netherlands have established well-developed systems for medical cannabis use, whereas Finland represents a more restrictive regulatory model. In Croatia, CBD-containing products are widely available, but their integration into routine clinical practice remains limited. Regulatory uncertainty, insufficient professional training, and the lack of standardised clinical guidance were identified as important barriers. The findings suggest that the expansion of the consumer CBD market has generally outpaced the integration of cannabinoid-based therapies into healthcare practice across the countries included in this review. Improved professional training and clearer clinical guidance may facilitate their evidence-based implementation in clinical practice.