This experiment evaluated the function of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in the growth, health status, and inflammation of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Over eight weeks, CGA supplementation was designed at five levels: 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 mg/kg. The 180 and 240 mg/kg CGA-supplemented groups showed significant improvements in the FBW, SGR, and WGR compared to the control group (0 mg/kg) (p < 0.05). All the CGA-supplemented groups exhibited a significant reduction in the FCR (p < 0.05), with the 180 mg/kg CGA group showing the lowest FCR. Nonetheless, there were no appreciable differences in the plasma concentrations of TP, ALT, or AST among the treatments (p > 0.05). Compared to the control group, the 180 mg/kg CGA group exhibited significantly lower TC and TG levels (p < 0.05). The ALP levels showed no significant differences from the control group (p > 0.05). In terms of antioxidant parameters, CGA supplementation considerably reduced the MDA content (p < 0.05) and increased the GSH levels, while decreasing the CAT, SOD, and GPx activity levels Meanwhile, CGA supplementation resulted in reduced mRNA levels of SOD, CAT, Nrf2, Keap1, and NF-κB compared to the control group. In contrast, the mRNA levels of GPx, IL-8, TLR2, and RelA were elevated in the liver. Our findings indicated that CGA supplementation improved the growth performance and antioxidant status and weakened the inflammatory response of largemouth bass. These findings suggest that CGA could be a valuable dietary supplement for enhancing the health and growth of this species.

This study aimed to enhance Nile Tilapia growth using Chlorella vulgaris as a food additive in the biofloc system. Different concentrations of C. vulgaris were tested in four different treatments compared to control. The growth rate of Nile tilapia was parallel with C. vulgaris addition to the treatments. The best productive value (growth performance) for Nile Tilapia was recorded in T1 that was distinctly superior to the other treatments. The use of C. vulgaris in the biofloc system decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) values; whereas the most significant value was observed at T1. Phytoplankton structure in Nile Tilapia gut was predominated with C. vulgaris representing 67.7% of the total phytoplankton crop. Statistical analysis also approved that the most important factor affecting Nile Tilapia growth was C. vulgaris addition, and some other chemical variables that affect phytoplankton’s growth such as PO4. In addition, muscle protein ratio of Nile Tilapia increased with increasing C. vulgaris concentrations. Our data concluded that increasing C. vulgaris concentration improved the growth performance of Nile Tilapia under the biofloc condition.

The integration of aquatic animals and horticultural production through aquaponics has been recently studied and endorsed by scientists as a real, sustainable solution to optimize the reuse of nutrient and water resources in food production. The present study (HortiMED H2020 PRIMA Project-Grant Number 1915), conducted in three plastic greenhouses at El-Kanater Research Station in Egypt, has gone one step beyond aquaponics by evaluating the feasibility of combining integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) with hydroponic horticultural production using the nutrient film technique (NFT) and floating raft systems (FRS) to maximize nutrient cycling resulting from cultured aquatic animals.

Chitosan nanoparticles have received a lot of attention in recent years due to their beneficial properties as healthy supplement to supply bioactive substances in the food industry and nutrition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of cChitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) as nutritional stimulus at the early feeding for the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry on the growth performance, feed efficiency, and histomorphological health of the liver and intestine. Graded levels of CsNPs ( 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 g kg−1 diet) were added to the basal diet, and each experimental diet was fed to three groups of fish with an approximate weight of (0.86± 0.04 g) for 70 days. The experimental study concluded that CsNPs 0.1 and 0.2 g kg−1 diets resulted in significantly higher final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), energy efficiency ratio (EER), and survival (S%) compared to the control group (P <0.05). However, the protein efficiency ratio (PER) increased but did not differ substantially (p < /del>P> 0.05) between the control and other treatments. The intestine of the Nile tilapia fryies showed that the villi height increased in the diet-fed groups of 0.1 g CsNPs kg-1 diet, 0.2g CsNPs kg-1 diet, and 0.4 g CsNPs kg-1 diet, while the highest villi length was recorded in the group of 0.2 g CsNPs kg-1 diet. The group fed on (0.2 g CsNPs kg-1 diet) demonstrated normal healthy intestinal walls and branched villi with intact enterocytes comprising the intestinal villi . Histopathological structure of the Nile tilapia liver in fryies fed with CsNPs revealed that the control group had congested blood sinusoids and fatty vacuolization of hepatocytes,. whereas the 0.2g CsNPs kg-1 diet group displayed normal hepatocytes with slight lymphocyte infiltration. Findings of the current study illustrated the positive effect of dietary supplementation of 0.2g kg-1 of chitosan nanoparticles which is considered as a promising compound in improving the growth performance, feed efficiencies, and an increase in villi length to facilitate the absorption process in the intestinal Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry.