There is a wide variety of kinds of lipids, and complex structures which determine the diversity and complexity of their functions. With the basic characteristic of water insolubility, lipid molecules are independent of the genetic information composed by genes to proteins, which determine the particularity of lipids in the human body, with water as the basic environment and genes to proteins as the genetic system. In this review, we have summarized the current landscape on hormone regulation of lipid metabolism. After the well-studied PI3K-AKT pathway, insulin affects fat synthesis by controlling the activity and production of various transcription factors. New mechanisms of thyroid hormone regulation are discussed, receptor α and β may mediate different procedures, the effect of thyroid hormone on mitochondria provides a new insight for hormones regulating lipid metabolism. Physiological concentration of adrenaline induces the expression of extrapituitary prolactin in adipose tissue macrophages, which promotes fat weight loss. Manipulation of hormonal action has the potential to offer a new therapeutic horizon for the global burden of obesity and its associated complications such as morbidity and mortality.

Although the clinical application of nanoparticles is still limited by biological barriers and distribution, with the deepening of our understanding of nanoparticles over the past decades, people are gradually breaking through the previous limitations in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors, providing novel strategies for clinical decision makers. The transition of nanoparticles from passive targeting to active tumor-targeting by abundant surface-modified nanoparticles is also a development process of precision cancer treatment. Different particles can be used as targeted delivery tools of antitumor drugs. The mechanism of gold nanoparticles inducing apoptosis and cycle arrest of tumor cells has been discovered. Moreover, the unique photothermal effect of gold nanoparticles may be widely used in tumor therapy in the future, with less side effects on surrounding tissues. Lipid-based nanoparticles are expected to overcome the blood–brain barrier due to their special characteristics, while polymer-based nanoparticles show better biocompatibility and lower toxicity. In this paper, we discuss the development of nanoparticles in tumor therapy and the challenges that need to be addressed.

US-guided microwave ablation was safe and effective in treating patients with Bethesda category III thyroid nodules with negative polygenic panel tests and did not increase the risk of tumor progression.

Background: The tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) is a small peptide first extracted in 1997, which has garnered limited research attention. It belongs to the parathyroid hormone (PTH)–related peptides family and specifically binds the parathyroid receptor type 2 (PTH2R). It is gaining attention for its roles in mood regulation, maternal behavior, and social functions. Its potential in modulating these processes possibly positions TIP39 as an underexplored candidate for exploring complex physiological functions of postpartum depression. Aims: Given the accumulating evidence of TIP39’s involvement in various regulatory functions, this review aims to investigate its potential as a common pathway for postpartum depression PPD-related symptoms, including depressive mood and maternal behaviors. Specifically, the focus is on exploring the possibility of TIP39 as a key modulator in the pathophysiology of PPD, with the goal of identifying a new entry point for the treatment of this mental health disorder. Conclusions: The multifunctional nature of TIP39, as evidenced by its roles in diverse physiological processes, opens up a promising avenue for further investigation. The investigation of TIP39’s role in mood regulation and maternal behavior provides a possible rationale for its consideration as a therapeutic target for PPD. This review is a tentative step to bridge TIP39 and PPD symptoms, with the ultimate goal of providing a new sight for the remedy of this prevalent and often debilitating disorder.

Thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies of the endocrine system, with a rapidly increasing incidence worldwide over recent decades. Among its histological subtypes, papillary ...