The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of local chicken ecotypes from Burkina Faso using microsatellite markers. A total of 71 individuals representing local chicken populations from the Centre-East (18), Centre-North (17), Sahel (18) and South-West (18) were used to estimate genetic diversity indices, population structure and phylogenetic relationships using 20 selected polymorphic microsatellite markers. The number of alleles, mean number of alleles, mean of observed and expected heterozygosity and polymorphic information content were 127, 6.35, 0.391, 0.521, 0.539 and 0.541, respectively. The estimated overall fixation index between loci (F), among populations (F_IS) and inbreeding coefficient within chicken ecotypes were 0.239, 0.267 and 0.243, respectively. Analysis of the molecular variance revealed that 77% of the total genetic diversity was attributed to within-population variation and the remaining 1% and 22% were attributed to among-regions differentiation (F_ST) and among-individual differentiation (F_IT), respectively. The highest pairwise genetic distance (0.026) was found between the local Konde ecotype and those from the Centre-North region while the lowest distance was observed between local chickens from the Sahel and the Centre-North regions (0.003). Neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree and principal component discriminant analyses confirmed the observed genetic distances between populations. The results show that local chickens in Burkina Faso have a rich genetic diversity with little differentiation between the studied populations. This study provides important information on measures of genetic diversity that could help in the design and implementation of future genetic improvement and conservation programs for local chickens in Burkina Faso.

Background and Objective: Local chickens in Burkina Faso play a crucial role in income generation and food security, especially to the rural community and the most vulnerable groups. Genetic and phenotypic characterization of these local chicken ecotypes is sketchy. The objective of this study was to determine the morpho-biometric characteristics of local chicken “Konde” from the Centre-East and local ecotypes in the Sahel, Centre-North and South-West regions of Burkina Faso. Materials and Methods: A total of 1179 adult local chickens at six months of age were used for the study and sampled as followed: 406, 352, 285 and 136 chickens respectively from South-West, Centre-North, Sahel and Centre-East region. Results: The mean body weight of chicken was 1204.80±344.9 g and significantly affected by region and sex (p<0.05). Konde Chickens (1651.85±378.57g) were heavier than those of the birds from the Centre-North (1163.66±259.39 g) and South-West regions (1217.92±322.31 g), which did not differ from each other but they were heavier than those of the birds from Sahel region (1023.59±250.99 g). For all ecotypes, males were significantly heavier (Konde = 2006.27±412.17 g; Centre-North = 1301.28±269.90 g; Sahel = 1123.82±294.22 g; South-West = 1470.35±349.62 g) compared to female (Konde = 1498.89±234.74 g; Centre-North = 1080.08±213.67 g; South-West = 1096,31±223,17 g; Sahel = 956.77±190.98 g). The multivariate analysis revealed three types of (03) populations: large heavy chickens (1976±273 g), medium chickens (1296±163 kg) and small light chicken (909±119 kg). Dominant plumages were white (15.86%), partridge (11.96%), multicolors (11.79%) and hermine (10.09%). Naked neck, curly plumage, yellow legs, crested and rose comb mutations were identified in the studied ecotypes. Conclusion: Data from this study shows sufficient phenotypic variability in moderately heritable traits supporting the possibility for genetic improvement of local chicken ecotypes in Burkina Faso.

This study aimed to characterize uterine involution and early ovarian postpartum activity in Sahelian goats. A total of 21 goats were allowed to nurse their kids and were examined every other day for complete uterine involution or daily for follicular development using a 5 MHz transrectal linear transducer. The obtained results indicated three phases of uterine regression, a fast involution phase (rates of 0.71 cm/day), a second moderate involution phase (0.17 cm/day), and a low rate of 0.14 cm/day that ended by day 22.44 ± 1.54. During the experiment, two goats showed an abnormal uterine involution and were excluded from the general profile. The 19 other goats exhibited a very similar profile of uterine involution described by the logarithmic equation y = -2.33ln(x) + 9.43 (R2 = 0.98, P < 0.05) where y = uterine diameter (cm) and x = days postpartum. Ovarian activity started within the first week postpartum and was characterized by appearance of one to three follicles ranged in mean size [4.95 ± 1.45 to 8.56 ± 0.66] on both ovaries. These findings could assist practitioners to decide when goats should be bred following parturition. Key words: Goat, ovary, postpartum, ultrasonography, uterus.

Synthetic anthelmintic (AHs) have always been used in veterinary medicine. The increasing development of resistance to these AHs in livestock parasites threatens animal health and global production, calling into question their effectiveness. In vitro egg hatch inhibition assay (EHA) and larval development test (LDT) performed showed ovicidal and larvicidal activities of four AHs compared to the control (PBS). However, a suspicion of Haemonchus contortus resistance to Bolumisole M1 (IC50 = 0.122µg/mL) and Ivomec-D (IC50 = 0.130µg/mL) was recorded after the EHA. Similarly, resistance was observed to Bolumisole M1 (IC50 = 0.024µg/mL), Ivomec-D (IC50 = 0.07µg/mL) and Kelanthic (IC50 = 0.144µg / mL) following the LDT. These results show that cases of parasite resistance to AHs exist in small ruminants in Burkina Faso. Therefore, a reasoned use of AHs could be a good approach in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants in Burkina Faso. Subsequent in vivo studies should be conducted to confirm this resistance in the real conditions of these ruminants.

Objectif : La présente étude vise à évaluer le protocole de la technologie de la semence de taureaux pratiqué au Centre de Multiplication des Animaux Performants de Loumbila. Méthodologie et résultats : Au total, 256 éjaculats ont été collectés sur 4 taureaux d’âge et de poids compris entre les intervalles [24 -132] mois et [437-530] kg. Le protocole de traitement de la semence porte sur la détermination des caractéristiques macroscopiques et microscopiques des éjaculats. Les volumes moyens des éjaculats récoltés au moyen du vagin artificiel ont été de 4,31 ± 1 ml ; 3,75 ± 0,80 ml ; 2,34 ± 0,89 ml et 3,96 ± 0,57 ml respectivement pour les races Montbéliard, Tarentaise, Azawak et Métis. A l’aide du microscope, la motilité massale moyenne par race de taureau a été de 3,88 ± 0,72 ; 3,69 ± 1,30 ; 3,81 ± 0,98 et 2,54 ± 0,42. Au moyen d’un spectrophotomètre, la concentration moyenne par race a été de 2,64 ± 0,63 ; 2,78 ± 0,49 ; 2,59 ± 0,97 et 2,29 ± 0,53 (109 spz/ml). Les taux de spermatozoïdes anormaux ont représenté respectivement 19 ± 0,15% ; 13 ± 0,07% ; 10 ± 0,05% et 12 ± 0,06%. La motilité individuelle moyenne par race après décongélation a été de 83 ± 0,65% ; 80 ± 0,7% ; 79 ± 0,1% et 80 ± 1,1%. Le matériel et la méthodologie appliqués à Loumbila sont comparables à ceux rapportés dans les centres de production des semences agréés. Conclusion et application des résultats : Ces résultats sont des éléments de repères importants qui contribuent à valider la qualités du travail produit au CMAP. La semence produite à Loumbila pourrait être distribiuée et utilisée pour les insémination dans les élevages au Burkina Faso. Mots clés : biotechnologie, caractéristiques, CMAP, éjaculat, protocole, zébu. 19168 Tapsoba et al., J. Appl. Biosci. Vol : 183, 2023 Évaluation de la technologie de la semence du taureau au centre de multiplication des animaux performants (CMAP) de Loumbila au Burkina Faso : Forces et Faiblesses Semen technology in bulls at performing animals breeding centre of Loumbila, Burkina Faso: Strengths and Weaknesses ABSTRACT Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the bull semen technology protocol practiced at the Centre de Multiplication des Animaux Performants de Loumbila. Methodology and Results: A total of 256 ejaculates were collected from 4 bulls of age and weight ranging from [24-132] months to [437-530] kg. The semen processing protocol focused on the determination of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the ejaculates. The mean volumes of ejaculates collected by means of the artificial vagina were 4.31 ± 1 ml; 3.75 ± 0.80 ml; 2.34 ± 0.89 ml and 3.96 ± 0.57 ml for the Montbéliard, Tarentaise, Azawak and Métis breeds respectively. Using the microscope, the average mass motility per bull breed was 3.88 ± 0.72; 3.69 ± 1.30; 3.81 ± 0.98 and 2.54 ± 0.42. Using a spectrophotometer, the average concentration per breed was 2.64 ± 0.63; 2.78 ± 0.49; 2.59 ± 0.97 and 2.29 ± 0.53 (109 spz/ml). Abnormal sperm counts were 19 ± 0.15%; 13 ± 0.07%; 10 ± 0.05% and 12 ± 0.06% respectively. The average individual motility per breed after thawing was 83 ± 0.65%; 80 ± 0.7%; 79 ± 0.1% and 80 ± 1.1%. The material and methodology applied in Loumbila are comparable to those reported in the accredited seed production centres. The results obtained are comparable to the data reported in the literature. Conclusion and Application of results: Bull semen produced at CMAP can be declared of acceptable quality and accepted for AI. Therefore, bull semen can be produced and stored at the CMAP laboratory for local use and eventually exported to countries in the sub-region Keywords: biotechnology, characteristics, CMAP, ejaculate, protocol, zebu.

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