On-demand controlled miR-21-5p delivery system integrates immune modification and proangiogenesis assists MI therapy.

Microbial infection has been considered as one of the most critical challenges in bioengineering applications especially in tissue regeneration, which engender severe threat to public health. Herein, a hydrogel performing properties of rapid self-healing, on-demand antibiosis and controlled cargo release were fabricated by a simple assembly of Fe complex as crosslinker and hyaluronic acid as gel network. This hydrogel is able to locally degrade and release Fe3+ to kill bacteria as needed, due to the hyaluronidase excreted by surrounding bacteria, resulting in efficient antibacterial activity to different types of bacteria. Sustained release property of certain type of growth factors was also observed from this hydrogel, owing to its dense network. Moreover, this hydrogel could repeatedly heal itself in minutes due to the coordination interaction between Fe3+ and COOH, exhibiting good potential in bioengineering applications on exposed tissue, where the materials are easy to be damaged during daily life. When topically applied onto damaged mouse skin with infection of staphylococcus aureus, the hydrogel is able to inhibit microbial infections meanwhile promote cutaneous regeneration, which formed the new skin with no inflammation within a 10-days treatment. These results demonstrate the potential application of this self-healing hydrogel for the integrated therapy of antibiosis and tissue regeneration.

Chimeric apoptotic bodies promote M2 polarization of macrophages to modulate inflammation.

Targeted drug delivery in cancer typically focuses on maximising the endocytosis of drugs into the diseased cells. However, there has been less focus on exploiting the differences in the endocytosis pathways of cancer cells versus non-cancer cells. An understanding of the endocytosis pathways in both cancer and non-cancer cells allows for the design of nanoparticles to deliver drugs to cancer cells whilst restricting healthy cells from taking up anticancer drugs, thus efficiently killing the cancer cells. Herein we compare the differences in the endocytosis pathways of cancer and healthy cells. Second, we highlight the importance of the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (size, shape, stiffness, and surface chemistry) on cellular uptake and how they can be adjusted to selectively target the dominated endocytosis pathway of cancer cells over healthy cells and to deliver anticancer drug to the target cells. The review generates new thought in the design of cancer-selective nanoparticles based on the endocytosis pathways.