The World Health Organization has estimated that around 66 thousand HBV infection cases are caused by needlestick injuries annually. Healthcare students should be aware of HBV transmission routes and preventive measures. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward HBV among Jordanian healthcare students and its associated factors. A cross-national study was conducted from March to August 2022. The questionnaire was composed of four sections: participants’ sociodemographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices about HBV, and 2322 participants were enrolled. The collected responses were analyzed with SPSS software (version 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA)) using descriptive statistics, unpaired t-tests, chi-square tests, and multivariate regression analyses. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results showed that 67.9% were females, 26.4% were medical students, and 35.9% were in their 3rd year. Overall, 40% of the participants held high levels of knowledge and attitudes. Further, 63.9% of participants had good practices toward HBV. Gender, year of study, encountering HBV patients, college, and having extra HBV courses were associated with high levels of KAP. This study demonstrated insufficient knowledge and attitudes toward HBV; however, the practice level toward HBV among healthcare students was promising. Therefore, public health efforts should modify the knowledge and attitude gaps to reinforce awareness and minimize the risk of infection.

Introduction: The integration of anti-HER2 targeted therapy with chemotherapy has demonstrated an increase in pathologic complete response rates (pCR) in patients with HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer (EBC). This study presents real-world data on the use of trastuzumab with or without pertuzumab, in combination with anthracycline and taxanes-based chemotherapy regimen. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with HER2-positive EBC who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), treated between January 2014 and September 2021. The regimen included four cycles of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC), followed by four cycles of docetaxel every three weeks, with anti-HER2 therapy administered alongside docetaxel. Outcomes assessed included pCR, 3-year disease-free survival (DFS), and surgical outcomes. Results: During the study period, 484 consecutive patients with HER2-positive EBC, median age of 47 (range, 21– 80) years, were enrolled. (64.7%) of patients received dual anti-HER2 therapy, while 35.3% received single-agent trastuzumab. The overall pCR rate was 44.2%, with a higher rate (55.6%) in hormone receptor (HR)-negative patients compared to HR-positive patients (39.8%), p=0.002. Although dual therapy resulted in a higher pCR rate (46.6%) compared to trastuzumab alone (39.8%), the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.15). The estimated 3-year DFS was 86.1% with dual therapy and 83.1% with trastuzumab alone (p=0.37). Further stratification revealed superior 3-year DFS in node-negative disease (96.4%) compared to node-positive disease (82.3%), p=0.0021. Patients who achieved pCR had a significantly better 3-year DFS (89.3%) compared to those with residual disease (82.2%), p=0.0177. Rate of breast conserving surgery (BCS) was lower (15.2%) among patients who received trastuzumab alone, compared to 26.5% among those who received dual anti-HER2 [Odds Ratio (OR)= 0.50, 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 0.30– 0.80, p=0.005]. Conclusion: Dual anti-HER2 therapy did not significantly enhance DFS but was associated with higher BCS rates, highlighting its potential to improve surgical outcomes.

Introduction. As reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), annually, there are 1.5 million new infections, with more than 290 million people living with chronic hepatitis B diseases in 2019. Medical students (MSs), a subgroup of health care workers (HCWs), are at high occupational risk for HBV infection since HCWs have a 210 times greater risk of getting the virus than the general population. Therefore, they must have a broad understanding of hepatitis B infection. In this study, we aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices among MSs, and to explore its predictors. Methodology. A descriptive cross-sectional research was done among MSs, those who finished their infectious disease course. MSs were asked to participate in a self-administered online-structured questionnaire. Results. 612 MSs were enrolled in our study. 67.5 were females, and 36.9 were in their 6th year. Around half of the participants held a high level of knowledge, attitude, and practices toward HBV infection. MSs in the last year of the study who encountered HBV patients showed to have better knowledge. Male MSs who encountered HBV patients and took extra HBV courses showed better attitudes. High practice level among MSs was associated with being in the 6th year and taking extra HBV courses. Conclusions. This study demonstrated a satisfactory level of knowledge, attitude, and practices toward HBV infection among MSs. However, awareness must be enhanced in some areas especially transmission routes of HBV. Thus, it will strengthen the level of attitude and practices to omit the effect of the stigma while delivering care to HBV patients.

Background: The field of pancreas transplantation has undergone transformative phases, progressing from its promising inception in 1966 to becoming a standard treatment for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. This bibliometric analysis explores the progression of pancreas transplantation research over a period of four decades, mapping milestones, contributors, and emerging trends. Methods: Our bibliometric analysis utilizes the comprehensive Scopus database, which includes publication titles, author information, affiliations, abstracts, keywords, and journal details. The search strategy was centered on research related to pancreas and pancreas-kidney transplantation. The analysis encompasses the time frame spanning from 1983 to 2023, with the data extraction taking place on October 7th, 2023. Results: The analysis of 4,897 articles uncovered unique trends in the field of pancreas transplantation research. The years 1989, 1996, and 2021 saw significant increases in the number of publications, which corresponded to the responses to clinical challenges and advancements. Contributions by authors from the United States of America were the most numerous, with 1,905 publications and 49,949 citations. The research topics were highlighted by keywords such as “graft survival,” “graft rejection,” and” Immunosuppressive treatment." Conclusion: The fluctuations in publication trends that have been identified indicate dynamic reactions to changing priorities and challenges. Although it has limitations, this analysis provides valuable insights for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers who are dealing with the complex field of pancreas transplantation literature. Further bibliometric research may advance our knowledge and direct future initiatives in this developing field.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly advanced, significantly impacting medicine. ChatGPT, a new AI model, generates responses based on user input. This study evaluates ChatGPT’s ability to assist with pre- and post-kidney transplantation (KT) patient education. Methods: ChatGPT was queried about KT on 21 February 2023 and 2 March 2023. Questions were categorized into general information for pre-KT patients or donors and post-KT patient instructions. Two experts independently assessed the accuracy of ChatGPT’s responses, and the Flesch–Kincaid readability test was applied to evaluate readability. Results: ChatGPT’s responses to general pre-KT questions were clear, concise, and accurate but occasionally misleading. Post-transplant instructions were generally clear and partially concise but lacked supporting evidence. Instructions for emergency situations post-KT were typically safe and reliable, whereas medication-related directions were often inaccurate and unreliable. The mean Flesch–Kincaid readability score was 30, indicating that ChatGPT’s answers were not easy to understand. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that while ChatGPT can provide clear definitions, explain symptoms, and offer reasonable advice on managing medical situations after KT, it frequently gives misleading answers to scientific inquiries. Transplantation researchers and providers should recognize ChatGPT as a potential information source for patients but exercise caution due to its incomplete accuracy and lack of references.