A gel consists of a network of particles or molecules formed for example using the sol-gel process, by which a solution transforms into a porous solid. Particles or molecules in a gel are mainly organized on a scaffold that makes up a porous system. Quantized vortices in type-II superconductors mostly form spatially homogeneous ordered or amorphous solids. Here we present high-resolution imaging of the vortex lattice displaying dense vortex clusters separated by sparse or entirely vortex-free regions in $\beta \text{−}{\mathrm{Bi}}_2\mathrm{Pd}$ superconductor. We find that the intervortex distance diverges upon decreasing the magnetic field and that vortex lattice images follow a multifractal behavior. These properties, characteristic of gels, establish the presence of a novel vortex distribution, distinctly different from the well-studied disordered and glassy phases observed in high-temperature and conventional superconductors. The observed behavior is caused by a scaffold of one-dimensional structural defects with enhanced stress close to the defects. The vortex gel might often occur in type-II superconductors at low magnetic fields. Such vortex distributions should allow to considerably simplify control over vortex positions and manipulation of quantum vortex states.

The incorporation of robotics as an educational tool in higher education institutions has represented in recent years an innovative mechanism towards improving the teaching of mathematics, physics, and development of control software. This work shows our research about the use of efficient robotics in educational processes in higher education institutions and their perspectives of new innovations towards teaching in engineering, health sciences, biology, chemistry, physics, etc. Bibliometric tools were used to analyze the evolution of educational robotics as an element that contributes to the improvement of teaching and involvement in teaching methods used by teachers.