Experimental studies confirm that the obtained electrical power by a conventional photovoltaic PV system is progressively degraded when the temperature of its cells is increased. The water-cooled photovoltaic thermal PVT system is therefore proposed to avoid the voltage drop at high temperature. The use of single diode PV/PVT models in simulation software becomes indispensable to analyze its performances where several climatic conditions such as environmental temperature and solar radiation variations should be considered. An optimal set of PV/PVT model parameters are determined through experimental data using two evolutionary computation algorithms; genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm. Furthermore, the robustness of the given PV/PVT model should be analyzed. The predicted electrical properties by the proposed PVT model are compared with those given by the conventional PV model at its operating cell conditions and also at several rigid atmospheric conditions.

Design and Implementation of Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Tracking Control for a DC-DC Buck Converter

The global pursuit of sustainable development increasingly emphasizes the adoption of renewable energy sources to deliver affordable, clean energy while addressing climate change challenges. This study proposes a comprehensive, three-phase framework for designing a microgrid-based hybrid renewable energy system tailored for a remote area in Yemen. The framework encompasses initial evaluation, design optimization, results assessment, and power quality analysis. The phases conducted using HOMER Pro® software, evaluate and compare six hybrid system configurations based on life-cycle costs, renewable energy fraction, unmet load, and system reliability to identify the optimal design for the target community. The findings reveal that the optimal system configuration consists of photovoltaic panels, battery energy storage, and a power converter, achieving the lowest net present cost of $22,647.71 and a cost of energy (COE) of $0.084912 per kWh. This design exhibits an almost negligible unmet load of 0.017463%, a renewable energy fraction of 100%, and the lowest associated carbon emissions among all configurations. These results underscore the proposed framework's potential for achieving reliable, efficient, and sustainable energy solutions in remote communities.