Background Globally, prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men. It is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Symptoms may be non-specific and may not present until the cancer has progressed. Raising awareness, knowing risk factors and symptoms and seeking early medical attention is critical for prevention and detection. The objective of this study is to assess the level of awareness of prostate cancer among male patients attending care in a urology unit in Ethiopia. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 241 male patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from February to April 2021. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from published studies and cancer awareness measurement tools. We used EpiData V.4.6.0 and SPSS V.26 for data entry and analysis. Descriptive statistics and linear regressions were used for analyses. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analysis identified factors associated with prostate cancer awareness. Adjusted odd ratio (AOR) at 95% CI and p value<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results A total of 250 patients were approached, and 241 (96.4%) responded. The mean scores for awareness of prostate cancer risk factors, symptoms, screening and prevention were 41.2%, 43.8%, 44.7% and 49.5%, respectively. Families with an average monthly income of more than 8900 ETB (Ethiopian birr), having heard about prostate cancer, having a regular source of care every six months or more, having a history of hospitalisation and having healthcare providers as the main source of information were all significantly associated with awareness of prostate cancer. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that male patients have a relatively low level of awareness of prostate cancer risk factors, symptoms, screening and prevention. There should be more public awareness initiatives to educate men in Ethiopia on the risk factors, symptoms, screening and prevention of prostate cancer.

Background. Outcomes that should be measured during diabetic ketoacidosis management is crucial. However, data associated to this was limited in Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among children with diabetic keto acidosis between 2016 and 2021.Data were stored in Epi-data version 4.6 and exported into STATA 14.0 software for analysis. The association between independent variables and length of hospital stay was assessed using binary logistic regression. Finally, variables with P-value <.05 were considered statistically significant. Result. Median length of hospital stay was 8 ± 6.2 days. Majority of patients (97.5%) improved and discharged. Factors that affected longer hospital stay were Residence(aOR = 4.31;95% CI = 1.25-14.80),family history of diabetes (aOR = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.02-0.64), glycemia at admission (aOR = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.00-1.02),insulin skipping (aOR = 0.08; 95% CI = 0.01-0.98), abdominal pain (aOR = 4.28; 95% CI = 1.11-15.52) and time in which the patient get out of diabetic ketoacidosis(aOR = 6.39; 95% CI = 1.09-37.50). Conclusion. Majority of patients showed improvement and discharged to homes after a long hospital stay. Majority of patients resolved from diabetic ketoacidosis between 24 and 48 hours.

Adolescent overweight and obesity are growing public health concerns in developing nations like Ethiopia. They are closely linked to an increased risk of non-communicable diseases, a deterioration in health-related quality of life, subpar academic performance, and a decline in social and emotional well-being. There is, however, little research in this field. Thus, this study aimed to assess overweight and obesity and associated factors among public and private secondary school adolescent students in Harar city, Eastern Ethiopia. A school-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 781 secondary school adolescents in Harar city from February to March 2022. Multi-stage sampling was used to identify 781 study participants (586 in public and 195 in private schools). Anthropometric measures and self-administered structured questionnaires were used to obtain the data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the association between independent variables and overweight and obesity. Statistical significance was declared at P < .05. The overall magnitude of overweight and obesity was 9.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.2–11.4%] with 16.2% in private schools. Being female [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.17–3.55], late adolescent age [AOR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.31–0.90], bigger family size [AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31–0.97], high paternal education level [AOR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.08–3.81], eating meat [AOR = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.27–9.17] and not consuming breakfast daily [AOR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.24–3.67] were factors associated with overweight and obesity among all secondary school adolescents. A high maternal educational level, not eating breakfast and dinner daily in private secondary school adolescents and having a feminine gender, eating eggs, and not walking or riding a bicycle for at least 10 minutes continuously in public secondary school adolescents were factors associated with overweight and obesity. The extent of overweight and obesity was notably higher in the study area. Communities and educational institutions should work together to promote healthy lifestyle choices among adolescents, with a special emphasis on girls and students enrolled in private schools.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, in 2018 2.1 million new cases are diagnosed. In Ethiopia due to the increasing awareness of breast cancer patients are taking chemotherapy in different parts of the country but patients’ knowledge of chemotherapy and experience of chemotherapy have not been assessed very well and this study tried to assess patients’ knowledge about chemotherapy. Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the knowledge and experience of women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa Ethiopia, in 2021. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted and data was collected from Tikur Anbessa Specialised Hospital and Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College from February 8 to March 1, 2020. Data was entered into Epi-data version 4.6.0 and exported to SPSS version 26. Descriptive statics such as frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation were done and displayed in tables. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed. Results: The study involved 250 participants. The mean age of the respondents was (43.35±11.1). Of the total 135 (54%) respondents were not knowledgeable and 115 (46%) were knowledgeable. Age >45 years and patients who lived in Addis Ababa were associated with higher knowledge. Respondents who took chemotherapy fourth to the sixth cycle and who are currently single were associated with the worst experience and the distance-time it takes to get to the hospital when is three to six hours were associated with the tolerable experience. Conclusion and recommendations: The study revealed that more than half of the participants were not knowledgeable and more than half of the participants had the worst experience. Hence healthcare providers should provide information about chemotherapy to their patients and should teach them how to manage the possible side effects.

Background: Prostate cancer is a common type of cancer in men worldwide. It is the world's second most diagnosed disease and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. In Ethiopia, it is the 3^rd most common type of cancer. Awareness of Prostate cancer is key to early detection and prevention. The major risk factors for prostate cancer can be controlled by increasing public awareness. Objective: We aimed to describe what they knew about prostate cancer by asking questions about prostate cancer-related awareness and we also investigated possible relationships between the variables.Methods: In 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional study among a systematic sample of men attending the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in the Urology unit. We used a researcher-administered questionnaire to collect the data and Descriptive statistics and linear regressions were used for the analysis. The strength of the association between the variables was described using the unstandardized β with a 95% Confidence interval. Results: A total of 250 patients were approached with a response rate of 241(96.4%), with a mean score of awareness of prostate cancer risk factors of 41.2%, symptoms 43.8%, screening 44.7%, and prevention 49.5% respectively. Families with average monthly income >8900ETB (β=2.6, 95%CI:1.1-4.1, P=0.001), heard about prostate cancer (β=5.6, 95%CI:1.5-9.6, P=0.011), having a regular source of care every six months and above (β=4.3, 95%CI: 2.5-6.1, P<0.001), three times, admission history (β=5.4, 95%CI:1.3-9.5, P=0.009), and health care providers (β=10.7, 95%CI 6.6-14.8, P<0.001) as the major source of information followed by the media (β=9.6, 95%CI 5.4-13.8, P<0.001) were significantly associated with awareness of prostate cancer.Conclusion: Prostate cancer is one of the most important health-related problems among men worldwide. Therefore, a well-planned health education program should be implemented to address the observed awareness gaps.

Background: Pregnant women's anemia is one of the most common public health issues in developing countries, including Ethiopia. According to a WHO report from 2014, anemia affects approximately 56 million pregnant women worldwide. Methods: A facility-based unmatched case-control study was used on 343 pregnant women. Data was gathered using a pre-tested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The strength of the association was measured using adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval, and statistical significance was declared using a P-value < 0.05. Results: Consumption of tea immediately after meal (AOR: 6.523, 95 % CI :1.314-32.377), prolonged menstrual bleeding >8 days (AOR:7.052 95 % CI:(2.107-23.608), undernutrition AOR: 0.277 95% CI :(083,920) and maternal age 20-30 years (AOR: 6.279 95 % CI :1.190-33.147) were determinants of Anemia.