Introduction: The goals of osteomyelitis therapy are successful control of infection and reconstruction of the bone. The gold standard for filling defects is the autologous bone graft. Bioactive glass S53P4 is an inorganic bone substitute. We compared the outcome of using bioactive glass (BAG) versus autologous bone graft (AB) in patients with infected non-union. Methods: Patients with chronic osteomyelitis and infected non-union who received either bioactive glass or autologous bone grafts between 2013 and 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The primary endpoint was successful control of infection during follow-up. Secondary endpoints were bone healing, functional outcome, and occurrence of complications. Results: Eighty-three patients were analyzed (BAG n=51, AB n=32). Twenty-one patients experienced reinfection (BAG n=15, 29 %; AB n=6, 19 %). Seventy-eight patients achieved full weight bearing (BAG n=47, 92 %; AB n=31, 97 %). Sixty-four patients had complete bone healing at the end of the follow-up period (BAG n=39, 77 %; AB n=25, 78 %). There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the primary or secondary endpoints. Patients with multidrug-resistant pathogens had a significantly higher rate of incomplete bone healing (p=0.033) and a 3-fold higher risk of complications in both groups. Conclusions: Bioactive glass appears to be a suitable bone substitute not only for successful control of infection and defect filling but also for bone healing in cases of infected non-union. In our study, bioactive glass was neither superior nor inferior to autologous bone graft with regard to the primary and secondary endpoints. Further studies with larger numbers of patients are required.

This retrospective cross-sectional epidemiological study deals with sport-specific injury patterns in show jumping. A total of 363 show jumpers of all levels (S) answered a retrospective questionnaire about injuries and overuse damages which occurred in the course of their careers. Demographic data and information on injuries in various body regions were collected. In addition to descriptive analysis, significance tests were performed. For better statistical comparability with other sports, exposure time was extrapolated with total career duration and weekly training hours, and injuries per 1000 jumping hours were calculated. The study included 251 (69%) women and 112 (31%) men, who were on average 26.9 ± 10.9 years old. The injury rate for the entire collective was 3.7 per 1000 h of exposure. The most frequently affected body region was the head (31%). Overuse complaints play a subordinate role and mainly affect the upper extremities (65%). The riders of the professional lower performance levels are less likely to injure themselves per 1000 h than riders of the higher performance levels. Riders who often or always wore a helmet suffered significantly fewer head injuries (p = 0.008) and had a significantly lower total injury duration than riders who did not wear a helmet (p = 0.006). Similarly, the study showed that riders who often or always wore a safety vest suffered significantly fewer spinal injuries (p = 0.017) and had significantly fewer injuries per 1000 riding hours (p = 0.031) than riders who did not wear a safety vest. Based on the present results, there should be an extension of the general helmet requirement and a requirement to wear safety vests in show jumping in general.

(1) Background: The treatment of proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) is debated controversially. Current clinical knowledge is mainly based on small single-center cohorts. The goal of this study was to evaluate the predictability of risk factors for complications after the treatment of a PHF in a large clinical cohort in a multicentric setting. (2) Methods: Clinical data of 4019 patients with PHFs were retrospectively collected from 9 participating hospitals. Risk factors for local complications of the affected shoulder were assessed using bi- and multivariate analyses. (3) Results: Fracture complexity with n = 3 or more fragments, cigarette smoking, age over 65 years, and female sex were identified as predictable individual risk factors for local complications after surgical therapy as well as the combination of female sex and smoking and the combination of age 65 years or older and ASA class 2 or higher. (4) Conclusion: Humeral head preserving reconstructive surgical therapy should critically be evaluated for patients with the risk factors abovementioned.

Introduction: Combined PCL injuries involving the posteromedial/-lateral corner (PMC/PLC) usually require surgical management. Literature shows controversy regarding the standards of treatment. Suture-augmented repair leads to excellent results in acute knee dislocations but has not been investigated clinically in combined PCL injuries. The purpose of this multicentre study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of this technique in acute combined PCL injuries. Materials & methods: N = 33 patients with acute combined PCL injuries involving the PMC/PLC were treated by one-stage suture repair with ligament bracing of the PCL and suture repair of the accompanying PMC/PLC injuries with/without ligament bracing or primary augmentation by semitendinosus autograft. Outcome was assessed by IKDC questionnaire, Lysholm Score, Tegner Activity Scale and KOOS. Additional PCL stress-radiography was performed. Results: N = 31 patients with combined PCL injuries (female: male = 7:24; age 39.1 ± 13.8 years) with a follow-up of 16.8 ± 9.6 months were finally evaluated. 18 had PMC injuries, 13 PLC injuries. 32.2% presented with accompanying meniscal tears (70% medial meniscus). 19.4% showed cartilage injuries grade III-IV. Complications included one infection and four knee stiffnesses. Three had symptomatic postoperative instability, all affiliated to the PLC group. The IKDC was 69.8 ± 16.5, Lysholm score 85 ± 14.4 and KOOS 89.7 ± 8.1. Median loss of activity (Tegner) was 0.89 ± 1.31. Comparing PMC and PLC, all scores showed a tendency towards more favourable outcomes in the PMC group (n.s.). Stress-radiography showed an overall side-to-side difference of 3.7 ± 3.8 mm. Subgroup evaluation showed statistically significant better results (p = 0.035) of PMC (2.5 ± 1.5 mm) versus PLC (5.8 ± 5.6 mm). Conclusions: One-stage suture repair with ligament bracing is a viable technique for acute combined PCL injuries and predominantly leads to good and excellent clinical outcomes. Patients with PLC injuries show a tendency towards inferior outcomes and higher instability rates compared to PMC injuries. These results may help in therapy planning and counselling patients with these rare injury pattern. Level of evidence: Level II.

Zusammenfassung: Bei konstant hohen Überlebensraten in der multimodalen Therapie von Knochensarkomen (Osteo- und Ewing-Sarkom) rücken in den letzten Jahren zunehmend die Lebensqualität sowie die Wiederaufnahme von körperlicher Aktivität und Sport in den Fokus. Heutzutage kann ein Großteil der Patienten extremitätenerhaltend mittels modularer Tumorendoprothetik behandelt werden. Es handelt sich vorwiegend um Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene mit präoperativ hohem sportlichen Aktivitätsniveau und entsprechendem Anspruch an die Tumorbehandlung. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist die Beantwortung der Frage, welches körperliche Aktivitätsniveau und welche Sportarten Patienten nach Tumorendoprothetik aufgrund von Knochensarkomen realistisch erreichbar sind, des Weiteren der Einfluss von Interventionen auf das funktionelle Ergebnis und den Aktivitätsgrad.Es handelt sich um ein nicht systematisches Review mit Fokus auf Wiederkehr zu körperlicher Aktivität und Sport nach tumorendoprothetischem Gelenkersatz zur Behandlung von Knochensarkomen der unteren Extremitäten im Jugend- und jungen Erwachsenenalter. Es wurde die elektronische Datenbank PubMed hinsichtlich thematisch relevanter Artikel gescreent.Das objektive körperliche Aktivitätsniveau (Gangzyklen/Tag, Gangintensitäten) ist nach Tumorendoprothetik der unteren Extremitäten kurzfristig und dauerhaft sowohl im Vergleich zum Gesunden als auch im Vergleich zu anderen Tumorentitäten (Leukämien) reduziert. Auch die sportmotorische Leistungsfähigkeit ist negativ beeinflusst. Generell zeigt sich eine Verbesserung der Ergebnisse mit zunehmender Follow-up-Dauer. Ein funktionelles Assessment ist erst sinnvoll zu erheben nach Beendigung der neoadjuvanten Behandlung, frühestens 12 Monate postoperativ. Im Langzeit-Follow-up erreichen Patienten mit Knochensarkomen nach Tumorendoprothetik der unteren Extremitäten hohe sportliche Aktivitätslevels (Sportart, Frequenz/Woche, UCLA-Score) mit einem Maximum nach 5 Jahren postoperativ, jedoch mit Verschiebung zu Low-Impact-Sportarten. Nur 20% der Patienten nehmen mittelfristig uneingeschränkt am Schulsport teil. Die Tumorlokalisation kann die sportliche Aktivität beeinflussen, nicht so das Auftreten von postoperativen Komplikationen. Individualisierte sporttherapeutische Interventionen während und nach multimodaler Therapie können kurzfristig den körperlichen Aktivitätsgrad (Gangzyklen/Tag, Gangintensitäten) verbessern, „Serious Games“ verbessern motorische Performance und posturale Kontrolle. Langfristig sind hierzu keine Daten vorliegend. Auch High-Impact-Sportarten wie Skifahren können mittels individueller Intervention erlernt und ausgeübt werden. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen hohem Aktivitätsgrad und früher Prothesenlockerung oder Frakturen konnte bislang nicht nachgewiesen werden. Valide Daten zu körperlicher Aktivität und Sport nach Tumorendoprothetik der oberen Extremitäten sind nicht existent.In der tumororthopädischen Behandlung von jungen Patienten mit Knochensarkomen muss dem präoperativ hohen sportlichen Aktivitätsniveau Rechnung getragen werden. Einschränkungen der körperlichen Aktivität beeinflussen die Lebensqualität und Psyche, dementsprechend muss ein Fokus in der Tumororthopädie auf Erhalt und Verbesserung dieser Faktoren liegen. Die Datenlage ist insgesamt schwach, weitere Studien mit Analyse der Sportfähigkeit im Speziellen sowie prospektive Interventionsstudien sind wünschenswert.