Background: The invasion of Ukraine by Russian troops on February 24, 2022, had significant humanitarian consequences. This conflict provides valuable data on the types and characteristics of war-related injuries, their epidemiology under modern warfare conditions, and the effectiveness of medical support and treatment strategies applied under challenging military circumstances with limited staff and resources. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the prevalence and characteristics of war-related maxillofacial injuries during the Russian– Ukrainian war.Methods: This retrospective multicenter study examined the demographic features, etiology, and characteristics of ballistic injuries among military personnel and civilians. Data were collected from the maxillofacial departments of six specialized military and civilian medical institutions in Kyiv and its surrounding regions. The study analyzed 415 patients with gunshot and blast injuries admitted to these hospitals from February 24, 2022, to February 24, 2024. For each patient, parameters such as age, sex, social status, trauma-associated complications, concomitant injuries to other organs and systems, New Injury Severity Scores, and Facial Injury Severity Scale scores were recorded.Results: Among the 415 patients, 96.9% were male. Isolated maxillofacial injuries were observed in 75 patients (18%), while ophthalmic injuries were present in 208 patients (50.1%). Primary care for the majority of patients was provided in military hospitals near the front line or in primary, secondary and tertiary regional medical institutions. Wound debridement and closure were performed as primary interventions in 358 patients (86.3%), and more than half of the patients received primary maxillofacial care within 24 hours of injury.Conclusion: The primary cause of war-related maxillofacial injuries was high-energy blast trauma resulting from artillery strikes, mines, drones, rocket attacks, and bombings. War-related military trauma involved soft tissue damage in 97.1% of cases.

Objectives. Ameloblastoma is a slow-growing epithelial odontogenic neoplasm of the jaws with a high recurrence rate. The main treatment strategies for this lesion are radical or conservative surgical approaches. The aim of the present study was to analyze clinical presentations, histological types, and treatment strategies of recurrent ameloblastoma and to define its disease-free survival (DFS) rate. Materials and Methods. Twenty-four cases of recurrent ameloblastomas, treated between January 2009 and July 2021, were enrolled in this study. Medical files from each patient, including gender, age, size of the lesion, localization, patient complaints, clinical manifestation, radiographic appearance, histological type, surgical management, and treatment results were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. Result. Out of 69 operated primary ameloblastomas, the rate of recurrence was 35. Out of 24 recurrent cases, 21 developed after conservative treatment and 3 after radical treatment. In most cases, recurrences were found in the mandible (n=20). A unilocular pattern was predominant in radiographic examination (44). Estimated 3-year DFS was 84.5±4.8, and the 5-year and 10-year DFS were 73.0±6.3 and 43.9±8.343.9±8.3, respectively. Conclusion. Results obtained in the present retrospective study proved the necessity of long-term follow-up after both conservative and radical treatment approaches. The DFS median in our study was 8 years (95 CI 6 years10 years). For recurrent cases, radical resection with histologically free margins after exact MRI determination of the ameloblastoma border within the soft tissues should be considered as the method of choice to avoid secondary recurrence.