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Christoph D.D. Rupprecht
FEAST Project, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan

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Journal article
Published: 03 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Urban green spaces can provide relaxation, exercise, social interaction, and many other benefits for their communities, towns, and cities. However, green spaces in hot and humid regions risk being underutilized by residents unless thermal environments are designed to be sufficiently comfortable. Understanding what conditions are needed for comfortable outdoor spaces, particularly how people feel in regard to their thermal environment, is vital in designing spaces for public use. Traditional gardens are excellent examples of successful microclimate design from which we can learn, as they are developed over the generations through observation and modification. This study analyzed how Japanese gardens affect people’s thermal stress on extremely hot summer days. Meteorological data was collected in three Japanese gardens, and human thermal comfort was evaluated through physiological equivalent temperature (PET). Statistical analysis examined the relationship between spatial configurations of the gardens and thermal comfort. Our study revealed that Japanese gardens can efficiently ameliorate thermal stress. Spatial analysis showed that garden elements affect thermal comfort variously depending on time of the day and spatial distribution.

ACS Style

Lihua Cui; Christoph Rupprecht; Shozo Shibata. Climate-Responsive Green-Space Design Inspired by Traditional Gardens: Microclimate and Human Thermal Comfort of Japanese Gardens. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2736 .

AMA Style

Lihua Cui, Christoph Rupprecht, Shozo Shibata. Climate-Responsive Green-Space Design Inspired by Traditional Gardens: Microclimate and Human Thermal Comfort of Japanese Gardens. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2736.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lihua Cui; Christoph Rupprecht; Shozo Shibata. 2021. "Climate-Responsive Green-Space Design Inspired by Traditional Gardens: Microclimate and Human Thermal Comfort of Japanese Gardens." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2736.

Intelligence briefing
Published: 09 December 2020 in Global Sustainability
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Non-technical summary The sustainability concept seeks to balance how present and future generations of humans meet their needs. But because nature is viewed only as a resource, sustainability fails to recognize that humans and other living beings depend on each other for their well-being. We therefore argue that true sustainability can only be achieved if the interdependent needs of all species of current and future generations are met, and propose calling this ‘multispecies sustainability’. We explore the concept through visualizations and scenarios, then consider how it might be applied through case studies involving bees and healthy green spaces.

ACS Style

Christoph D. D. Rupprecht; Joost Vervoort; Chris Berthelsen; Astrid Mangnus; Natalie Osborne; Kyle Thompson; Andrea Y. F. Urushima; Maya Kóvskaya; Maximilian Spiegelberg; Silvio Cristiano; Jay Springett; Benedikt Marschütz; Emily J. Flies; Steven R. McGreevy; Laÿna Droz; Martin F. Breed; Jingchao Gan; Rika Shinkai; Ayako Kawai. Multispecies sustainability. Global Sustainability 2020, 3, 1 .

AMA Style

Christoph D. D. Rupprecht, Joost Vervoort, Chris Berthelsen, Astrid Mangnus, Natalie Osborne, Kyle Thompson, Andrea Y. F. Urushima, Maya Kóvskaya, Maximilian Spiegelberg, Silvio Cristiano, Jay Springett, Benedikt Marschütz, Emily J. Flies, Steven R. McGreevy, Laÿna Droz, Martin F. Breed, Jingchao Gan, Rika Shinkai, Ayako Kawai. Multispecies sustainability. Global Sustainability. 2020; 3 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christoph D. D. Rupprecht; Joost Vervoort; Chris Berthelsen; Astrid Mangnus; Natalie Osborne; Kyle Thompson; Andrea Y. F. Urushima; Maya Kóvskaya; Maximilian Spiegelberg; Silvio Cristiano; Jay Springett; Benedikt Marschütz; Emily J. Flies; Steven R. McGreevy; Laÿna Droz; Martin F. Breed; Jingchao Gan; Rika Shinkai; Ayako Kawai. 2020. "Multispecies sustainability." Global Sustainability 3, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 16 March 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Access to green space (GS) is vital for children’s health and development, including during daycare. In Japan, deregulation to alleviate daycare shortages has created a new category of so-called unlicensed daycare centers (UDCs) that often lack dedicated GS. UDCs rely on surrounding GS, including parks, temples and university grounds, but reports of conflicts highlight the precarity of children’s well-being in a rapidly aging country. Knowledge about GS access in Japanese UDCs remains scarce. Our mail-back survey (n = 173) of UDCs and online survey (n = 3645) of parents investigated threats to GS access during daycare across 14 Japanese cities. Results suggest that UDCs use a variety of GS and aim to provide daily access. Caregivers are vital in mediating children’s access, but locally available GS diversity, quality and quantity as well as institutional support were perceived as lacking. Parents did not rank GS high among their priorities when selecting daycare providers, and showed limited awareness of conflicts during GS visits. Implications of this study include the need for caregivers and parents to communicate and collaborate to improve GS access, and the importance of strong public investment into holistically improving GS diversity, quality and quantity from the perspective of public health and urban planning.

ACS Style

Christoph D. D. Rupprecht; Lihua Cui. Understanding Threats to Young Children’s Green Space Access in Unlicensed Daycare Centers in Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1948 .

AMA Style

Christoph D. D. Rupprecht, Lihua Cui. Understanding Threats to Young Children’s Green Space Access in Unlicensed Daycare Centers in Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (6):1948.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christoph D. D. Rupprecht; Lihua Cui. 2020. "Understanding Threats to Young Children’s Green Space Access in Unlicensed Daycare Centers in Japan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6: 1948.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2020 in Food and Chemical Toxicology
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Food product labels can provide consumers with rich, specific, expert-certified product information. However, sources of label information differ. How do consumers then evaluate label trustworthiness of expert labels in comparison to other commonly used label types? We present results from a representative online survey (N = 10,000) of consumers in Japan, the USA, Germany, China and Thailand using professionally designed labels for four food types (milk, honey, oil, wine) and five different sources of food information (farmers, government/administration, producer associations, experts, and consumers). We tested label legibility through identification of the label information source and asked respondents to evaluate the trustworthiness of labels using a six-scale instrument ranging from overall label trust to purchase intent. Results show that label legibility varied between countries, with expert labels scoring lowest. Nevertheless, respondents correctly identifying all label information sources chose expert labels as the most or second-most trustworthy across all countries and food types, while consumer labels scored low. Demographic factors exhibited weak influence. Results suggest expert labels might play an important role as trusted sources of information in an increasingly complex global food system. Finally, we consider the implications of the study for a potential institutionalization of expert labels based on the Japanese context.

ACS Style

Christoph D.D. Rupprecht; Lei Fujiyoshi; Steven R. McGreevy; Ichiro Tayasu. Trust me? Consumer trust in expert information on food product labels. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2020, 137, 111170 .

AMA Style

Christoph D.D. Rupprecht, Lei Fujiyoshi, Steven R. McGreevy, Ichiro Tayasu. Trust me? Consumer trust in expert information on food product labels. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2020; 137 ():111170.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christoph D.D. Rupprecht; Lei Fujiyoshi; Steven R. McGreevy; Ichiro Tayasu. 2020. "Trust me? Consumer trust in expert information on food product labels." Food and Chemical Toxicology 137, no. : 111170.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2020 in International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development
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Multitudinous studies about urban green space (UGS) reveal that designed and managed UGS may provide not only social, environmental, and economic benefits for cities, but also mental, physical, and physiological benefits for their residents. However, past studies have focused on widely recognized green spaces in urban areas such as parks, gardens, and forests. Wasteland, wilderness, and unplanned in-between margins, which have been called informal green space (IGS), could provide supplementary green space. This study explores IGS in Ichikawa City, a post-industrial satellite town of Tokyo with scarce UGS, by addressing the following questions: (a) What types of non-standardized and unsystematised green space exist in the target area? (b) How is IGS in the target area perceived? (c) Could IGS be considered supplementary green space for the city? Using a systematic land use survey, we identified nine types of IGS in Ichikawa City that accounted for 6.35% of total land use. A questionnaire survey showed that undergraduate students recognize the existence of IGS in their neighbourhood, perceive multiple benefits and see especially street verges, unimproved land and water verges as potential supplementary green space. We conclude that IGS can serve as a supplementary green space and discuss how IGS might be integrated into green space planning to improve residents’ well-being.

ACS Style

Minseo Kim; Christoph Rupprecht; Katsunori Furuya. Typology and Perception of Informal Green Space in Urban Interstices:. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development 2020, 8, 4 -20.

AMA Style

Minseo Kim, Christoph Rupprecht, Katsunori Furuya. Typology and Perception of Informal Green Space in Urban Interstices:. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development. 2020; 8 (1):4-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Minseo Kim; Christoph Rupprecht; Katsunori Furuya. 2020. "Typology and Perception of Informal Green Space in Urban Interstices:." International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development 8, no. 1: 4-20.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Ecology and Society
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ACS Style

Astrid Mangnus; Joost M. Vervoort; Steven R. McGreevy; Kazuhiko Ota; Christoph D. D. Rupprecht; Momoe Oga; Mai Kobayashi. New pathways for governing food system transformations: a pluralistic practice-based futures approach using visioning, back-casting, and serious gaming. Ecology and Society 2019, 24, 1 .

AMA Style

Astrid Mangnus, Joost M. Vervoort, Steven R. McGreevy, Kazuhiko Ota, Christoph D. D. Rupprecht, Momoe Oga, Mai Kobayashi. New pathways for governing food system transformations: a pluralistic practice-based futures approach using visioning, back-casting, and serious gaming. Ecology and Society. 2019; 24 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Astrid Mangnus; Joost M. Vervoort; Steven R. McGreevy; Kazuhiko Ota; Christoph D. D. Rupprecht; Momoe Oga; Mai Kobayashi. 2019. "New pathways for governing food system transformations: a pluralistic practice-based futures approach using visioning, back-casting, and serious gaming." Ecology and Society 24, no. 4: 1.

Journal article
Published: 07 December 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Urban consumption patterns and lifestyles are increasingly important for the sustainability of cities today and in the future. However, considerations of consumption issues, social norms, behaviour and lifestyles within current urban sustainability research and practices are limited. Much untapped potential for the reduction of the environmental footprint of cities exists in combined production and consumption-based approaches, particularly in the “demand” areas of mobility, housing, food, and waste. To change unsustainable consumption and production patterns in cities, research needs to be transdisciplinary, actively involving stakeholders through co-creation processes. This paper builds on the premise that the perspectives and approaches of Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) for cities require the involvement of non-traditional stakeholders that are generally not included in urban planning processes such as social change initiatives, citizen groups and informal sector representatives. We present a transdisciplinary research and engagement framework to understand and advance the transition to sustainable SCP patterns and lifestyles in cities. This transdisciplinary approach to SCP transformations in cities combines co-creation, participatory visioning processes and back-casting methods, participatory urban governance and institutional change, and higher-order learning from small-scale community initiatives. We illustrate our conceptual framework through three empirical case studies in cities which take an integrative approach to lowering ecological footprints and carbon emissions.

ACS Style

Patrick Schröder; Philip Vergragt; Halina Szejnwald Brown; Leonie Dendler; Neal Gorenflo; Kira Matus; Jaco Quist; Christoph Rupprecht; Arnold Tukker; Ronald Wennersten. Advancing sustainable consumption and production in cities - A transdisciplinary research and stakeholder engagement framework to address consumption-based emissions and impacts. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 213, 114 -125.

AMA Style

Patrick Schröder, Philip Vergragt, Halina Szejnwald Brown, Leonie Dendler, Neal Gorenflo, Kira Matus, Jaco Quist, Christoph Rupprecht, Arnold Tukker, Ronald Wennersten. Advancing sustainable consumption and production in cities - A transdisciplinary research and stakeholder engagement framework to address consumption-based emissions and impacts. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 213 ():114-125.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patrick Schröder; Philip Vergragt; Halina Szejnwald Brown; Leonie Dendler; Neal Gorenflo; Kira Matus; Jaco Quist; Christoph Rupprecht; Arnold Tukker; Ronald Wennersten. 2018. "Advancing sustainable consumption and production in cities - A transdisciplinary research and stakeholder engagement framework to address consumption-based emissions and impacts." Journal of Cleaner Production 213, no. : 114-125.

Journal article
Published: 04 September 2018 in Land
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Urban green space (UGS) has been proven to be essential for improving the health of residents. Local governments thus need to provide attractive UGS to enhance residents’ wellbeing. However, cities face spatial and finanical limitations in creating and managing UGS. As a result, greening plans often fail or are postponed indefinitely. To evaluate whether informal urban green space (IGS) can supplement existing UGS, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 567 residents in Ichikawa (Japan), a city currently providing only 3.43 m2 green space per capita. In particular, we analyzed how residents’ existing green space activities affect IGS perception, as it may be difficult to recognize IGS as greenery because it is not an officially recognized space for recreation. Results show that residents took a favorable stance towards IGS, but perception differs depending on their green environment exposure. Residents who are frequently exposed to green environments in their daily lives highly recognized the environmental improvement aspects of IGS and significantly perceived spatial accessibility as an advantage of IGS. Willingness to participate in conservation activities of UGS was linked with a likelihood of recognizing IGS as UGS. Our results encourage understanding IGS as supplementary green space taking into account the attitude of residents to UGS, and contribute to introducing the IGS discourse into green space planning.

ACS Style

Minseo Kim; Christoph D. D. Rupprecht; Katsunori Furuya. Residents’ Perception of Informal Green Space—A Case Study of Ichikawa City, Japan. Land 2018, 7, 102 .

AMA Style

Minseo Kim, Christoph D. D. Rupprecht, Katsunori Furuya. Residents’ Perception of Informal Green Space—A Case Study of Ichikawa City, Japan. Land. 2018; 7 (3):102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Minseo Kim; Christoph D. D. Rupprecht; Katsunori Furuya. 2018. "Residents’ Perception of Informal Green Space—A Case Study of Ichikawa City, Japan." Land 7, no. 3: 102.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2018 in Sustainability
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Can shrinking cities harness population decline to improve their sustainability by repurposing land use, for example, for localizing food production? Whether such a transition is feasible depends on the pre-shrinkage state of urban agricultural land use, including ongoing trends in local land use change. This study examined agricultural land use from 2007–2017 in Kyoto City, Japan. Kyoto is on the brink of a large projected population decline (~190,000 or ~13% until 2040) and serves as a representative for a large number of regional Japanese cities in a similar situation. Analysis was based on a public 2007 land use data set, aerial and satellite imagery and ground truthing. Results showed a decline of 209 ha or 10% in agricultural land use over ten years, but also highlight the diversity of ongoing agricultural land use types not captured by standard categories. The main post-agricultural land uses were residential (40%) and vacant land (28%). These results have implications for planning and policy. Kyoto City is currently not set to benefit from the projected shrinking process through localizing food production, despite a tradition of vegetable production. Future research should analyze drivers of change for observed agricultural land use.

ACS Style

Kimisato Oda; Christoph D. D. Rupprecht; Kazuaki Tsuchiya; Steven R. McGreevy. Urban Agriculture as a Sustainability Transition Strategy for Shrinking Cities? Land Use Change Trajectory as an Obstacle in Kyoto City, Japan. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1048 .

AMA Style

Kimisato Oda, Christoph D. D. Rupprecht, Kazuaki Tsuchiya, Steven R. McGreevy. Urban Agriculture as a Sustainability Transition Strategy for Shrinking Cities? Land Use Change Trajectory as an Obstacle in Kyoto City, Japan. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (4):1048.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kimisato Oda; Christoph D. D. Rupprecht; Kazuaki Tsuchiya; Steven R. McGreevy. 2018. "Urban Agriculture as a Sustainability Transition Strategy for Shrinking Cities? Land Use Change Trajectory as an Obstacle in Kyoto City, Japan." Sustainability 10, no. 4: 1048.

Book chapter
Published: 16 January 2018 in Just Green Enough
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Urban greening initiatives are underway in many cities internationally, intended to address issues associated with global environmental change (Brink et al. 2016). Urban greening has diverse drivers, scaling-up from the local to the global, including climate change, food security, mass migration, and rapid urbanization (Wolch et al. 2014). Urban greening activities also respond to revitalization initiatives (to attract new investment) and sometimes to community demands for better greenspace access. Greenspace accessibility is seldom uniform across urban areas and is typically socio-spatially differentiated (Rutt and Gulsrud 2016).

ACS Style

Christoph D. D. Rupprecht; Jason A. Byrne. Informal Urban Green Space as Anti-Gentrification Strategy? Just Green Enough 2018, 209 -226.

AMA Style

Christoph D. D. Rupprecht, Jason A. Byrne. Informal Urban Green Space as Anti-Gentrification Strategy? Just Green Enough. 2018; ():209-226.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christoph D. D. Rupprecht; Jason A. Byrne. 2018. "Informal Urban Green Space as Anti-Gentrification Strategy?" Just Green Enough , no. : 209-226.

Journal article
Published: 25 August 2017 in Land
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Urban residents’ health depends on green infrastructure to cope with climate change. Shrinking cities could utilize vacant land to provide more green space, but declining tax revenues preclude new park development—a situation pronounced in Japan, where some cities are projected to shrink by over ten percent, but lack green space. Could informal urban green spaces (IGS; vacant lots, street verges, brownfields etc.) supplement parks in shrinking cities? This study analyzes residents’ perception, use, and management preferences (management goals, approaches to participatory management, willingness to participate) for IGS using a large, representative online survey (n = 1000) across four major shrinking Japanese cities: Sapporo, Nagano, Kyoto and Kitakyushu. Results show that residents saw IGS as a common element of the urban landscape and their daily lives, but their evaluation was mixed. Recreation and urban agriculture were preferred to redevelopment and non-management. For participative management, residents saw a need for the city administration to mediate usage and liability, and expected an improved appearance, but emphasized the need for financial and non-financial support. A small but significant minority (~10%) were willing to participate in management activities. On this basis, eight principles for participatory informal green space planning are proposed.

ACS Style

Christoph D. D. Rupprecht. Informal Urban Green Space: Residents’ Perception, Use, and Management Preferences across Four Major Japanese Shrinking Cities. Land 2017, 6, 59 .

AMA Style

Christoph D. D. Rupprecht. Informal Urban Green Space: Residents’ Perception, Use, and Management Preferences across Four Major Japanese Shrinking Cities. Land. 2017; 6 (3):59.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christoph D. D. Rupprecht. 2017. "Informal Urban Green Space: Residents’ Perception, Use, and Management Preferences across Four Major Japanese Shrinking Cities." Land 6, no. 3: 59.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2015 in Landscape and Urban Planning
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Urban parks and gardens may be failing to meet the diverse “nature needs” of a growing global urban population. Informal urban greenspace (IGS) such as vacant lots, street or railway verges and riverbanks may provide space for unstructured recreation and nature contact. Yet we know little about residents' relationship with IGS outside of Europe and North America, what factors influence IGS use and evaluation, or what role geographic and cultural context play. Our paper combines qualitative and quantitative methods to examine how residents in Brisbane, Australia (n = 123) and Sapporo, Japan (n = 163) perceive, evaluate and use IGS. Using statistical methods (e.g. correlation analysis) we analyzed what factors influence how respondents interact with IGS, including the amount of formal greenspace within 500m of survey locations using a GIS buffer analysis. Results were tested for differences and similarities between the cities. We found that respondents knew of IGS in their neighborhood (>80%), appreciated and used it (>30%), but more respondents in Brisbane used and appreciated IGS. The influence of demographic factors and local formal greenspace area was limited, but respondents' attitude towards urban nature was correlated with IGS evaluation. Littering was perceived as IGS' most common problem (90% of respondents), but was reported by <20% of IGS users. Geographic (e.g., IGS type prevalence) and cultural (e.g., human-nature relationship) contexts represented potential influence factors. We argue that the liminal nature of IGS (e.g., liability) management poses a challenge traditional greenspace planning. To address this problem, further research should explore participatory management approaches

ACS Style

Christoph Rupprecht; Jason Byrne; Hirofumi Ueda; Alex Lo. ‘It's real, not fake like a park’: Residents’ perception and use of informal urban green-space in Brisbane, Australia and Sapporo, Japan. Landscape and Urban Planning 2015, 143, 205 -218.

AMA Style

Christoph Rupprecht, Jason Byrne, Hirofumi Ueda, Alex Lo. ‘It's real, not fake like a park’: Residents’ perception and use of informal urban green-space in Brisbane, Australia and Sapporo, Japan. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2015; 143 ():205-218.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christoph Rupprecht; Jason Byrne; Hirofumi Ueda; Alex Lo. 2015. "‘It's real, not fake like a park’: Residents’ perception and use of informal urban green-space in Brisbane, Australia and Sapporo, Japan." Landscape and Urban Planning 143, no. : 205-218.

Journal article
Published: 06 March 2015 in Children's Geographies
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Contact with nature is vital for the development of children and teenagers. In the past, informal urban green spaces (IGS) such as vacant lots appear to have been used for such purposes. We need to better understand how previous generations used IGS to make sure young people today can also enjoy its social, mental, emotional and physical health benefits. This study quantitatively compared adult residents' memories of IGS use in their childhood and teenage years in two geographically and culturally distinct cities: Brisbane, Australia, and Sapporo, Japan. The results showed most respondents (>70%) remembered using IGS in the past, and preferred it over other green space because it was easily accessible. Most (>70%) recalled experiencing no problems (e.g. danger of injury) when using IGS, a contrast to recently increasing parental concern for children's safety. Such factors may limit present IGS use and prevent it from fulfilling the important role it played for previous generations' recreation

ACS Style

Christoph Rupprecht; Jason Byrne; Alex Lo. Memories of vacant lots: how and why residents used informal urban green space as children and teenagers in Brisbane, Australia, and Sapporo, Japan. Children's Geographies 2015, 14, 340 -355.

AMA Style

Christoph Rupprecht, Jason Byrne, Alex Lo. Memories of vacant lots: how and why residents used informal urban green space as children and teenagers in Brisbane, Australia, and Sapporo, Japan. Children's Geographies. 2015; 14 (3):340-355.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christoph Rupprecht; Jason Byrne; Alex Lo. 2015. "Memories of vacant lots: how and why residents used informal urban green space as children and teenagers in Brisbane, Australia, and Sapporo, Japan." Children's Geographies 14, no. 3: 340-355.

Review
Published: 01 January 2015 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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Urban greenspaces harbor considerable biodiversity. Such areas include spontaneously vegetated spaces such as such as brownfields, street or railway verges and vacant lots. While these spaces may contribute to urban conservation, their informal and liminal nature poses a challenge for reviewing what we know about their value for biodiversity. The relevant literature lacks a common terminology. This paper applied a formal definition and typology of informal urban greenspace (IGS) to identify and systematically review a total of 174 peer-reviewed papers in English (152), German (14) and Japanese (8). We identified three main topics: value for conservation (94 papers), factors influencing diversity (80), and non-indigenous species (37). Additionally, we analyzed this literature for temporal trends, spatial patterns, studied IGS types, taxa, climate zones, human impact types, and key authors. Results show IGS plays an important role for biodiversity. Management practices were identified as the most common and negative impact on diversity, while vegetation, site age, distance to city center, and habitat diversity were positive-influence factors. The number and impact of non-indigenous species varied widely. The analysis of literature patterns reveals: an increase in publications over the last 15 years and a strong geographic bias in publications, as well as toward temperate and humid climate zones. Studies of gap, powerline and microsite IGS were scarce, as were studies of mammals and reptiles. Results suggest different maintenance regimes for IGS may improve its contribution to urban conservation. We therefore propose adapting management to the local context

ACS Style

Christoph Rupprecht; Jason Byrne; Jenni G. Garden; Jean-Marc Hero. Informal urban green space: A trilingual systematic review of its role for biodiversity and trends in the literature. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2015, 14, 883 -908.

AMA Style

Christoph Rupprecht, Jason Byrne, Jenni G. Garden, Jean-Marc Hero. Informal urban green space: A trilingual systematic review of its role for biodiversity and trends in the literature. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2015; 14 (4):883-908.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christoph Rupprecht; Jason Byrne; Jenni G. Garden; Jean-Marc Hero. 2015. "Informal urban green space: A trilingual systematic review of its role for biodiversity and trends in the literature." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 14, no. 4: 883-908.

Comparative study
Published: 18 June 2014 in PLoS ONE
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Informal urban green-space (IGS) such as vacant lots, brownfields and street or railway verges is receiving growing attention from urban scholars. Research has shown IGS can provide recreational space for residents and habitat for flora and fauna, yet we know little about the quantity, spatial distribution, vegetation structure or accessibility of IGS. We also lack a commonly accepted definition of IGS and a method that can be used for its rapid quantitative assessment. This paper advances a definition and typology of IGS that has potential for global application. Based on this definition, IGS land use percentage in central Brisbane, Australia and Sapporo, Japan was systematically surveyed in a 10×10 km grid containing 121 sampling sites of 2,500 m2 per city, drawing on data recorded in the field and aerial photography. Spatial distribution, vegetation structure and accessibility of IGS were also analyzed. We found approximately 6.3% of the surveyed urban area in Brisbane and 4.8% in Sapporo consisted of IGS, a non-significant difference. The street verge IGS type (80.4% of all IGS) dominated in Brisbane, while lots (42.2%) and gaps (19.2%) were the two largest IGS types in Sapporo. IGS was widely distributed throughout both survey areas. Vegetation structure showed higher tree cover in Brisbane, but higher herb cover in Sapporo. In both cities over 80% of IGS was accessible or partly accessible. The amount of IGS we found suggests it could play a more important role than previously assumed for residents' recreation and nature experience as well as for fauna and flora, because it substantially increased the amount of potentially available greenspace in addition to parks and conservation greenspace. We argue that IGS has potential for recreation and conservation, but poses some challenges to urban planning. To address these challenges, we propose some directions for future research.

ACS Style

Christoph D. D. Rupprecht; Jason Byrne. Informal Urban Green-Space: Comparison of Quantity and Characteristics in Brisbane, Australia and Sapporo, Japan. PLoS ONE 2014, 9, e99784 .

AMA Style

Christoph D. D. Rupprecht, Jason Byrne. Informal Urban Green-Space: Comparison of Quantity and Characteristics in Brisbane, Australia and Sapporo, Japan. PLoS ONE. 2014; 9 (6):e99784.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christoph D. D. Rupprecht; Jason Byrne. 2014. "Informal Urban Green-Space: Comparison of Quantity and Characteristics in Brisbane, Australia and Sapporo, Japan." PLoS ONE 9, no. 6: e99784.

Review
Published: 01 January 2014 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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Urban greenspace is vital in fulfilling people's nature needs. Informal urban greenspace (IGS) such as vacant lots, street or railway verges and riverbanks is an often-overlooked part of the natural urban landscape. We lack a formal definition of IGS and a comprehensive review of knowledge about IGS and its role for urban residents. This paper advances a formal definition and typology of IGS that can be applied globally. Based on this definition, a total of 65 peer-reviewed papers in English (57), Japanese (7) and German (1) were reviewed. We analyzed this literature for its temporal trends, spatial patterns, studied IGS types, methods used and key authors, and summarized the individual research papers' findings concerning IGS. Results show IGS plays an important role for urban residents, but also highlight limitations and problems in realizing IGS' full potential. Research papers focused on perception, preferences, value and uses of IGS. Residents could distinguish between formal and informal greenspace. They preferred a medium level of human influence in IGS. The analysis of patterns in the literature reveals: a marked increase in publications in the last 20 years; a strong geographical bias towards the USA; and a lack of multi-type IGS studies including all IGS types. Publications outside of scholarly research papers also make valuable contributions to our understanding of IGS. Our results suggest IGS is emerging as an important sub-discipline of urban greening research.Griffith Sciences, Griffith School of EnvironmentFull Tex

ACS Style

Christoph D.D. Rupprecht; Jason A. Byrne. Informal urban greenspace: A typology and trilingual systematic review of its role for urban residents and trends in the literature. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2014, 13, 597 -611.

AMA Style

Christoph D.D. Rupprecht, Jason A. Byrne. Informal urban greenspace: A typology and trilingual systematic review of its role for urban residents and trends in the literature. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2014; 13 (4):597-611.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christoph D.D. Rupprecht; Jason A. Byrne. 2014. "Informal urban greenspace: A typology and trilingual systematic review of its role for urban residents and trends in the literature." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 13, no. 4: 597-611.