When organisms are stimulated by external stresses, oxidative stress is induced, resulting in the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that inhibit cell growth and accelerate cellular aging until death. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress is important to enhance cellular resistance, and Aureobasidium pullulans, a highly resistant yeast-like fungus, can use cellular differentiation to resist environmental stress. Here, swollen cells (SCs) from two different differentiation periods in Aureobasidium pullulans NG showed significantly higher antioxidant capacity and stress defense capacity than yeast-like cells (YL). The transcriptome and the metabolome of both cells were analyzed, and the results showed that amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism were significantly enriched in SCs. Glyoxylate metabolism was significantly upregulated in carbohydrate metabolism, replacing the metabolic hub of the citric acid (TCA) cycle, helping to coordinate multiple metabolic pathways and playing an important role in the resistance of Aureobasidium pullulans NG to environmental stress. Finally, we obtained 10 key genes and two key metabolites in SCs, which provide valuable clues for subsequent validation. In conclusion, these results provide valuable information for assessing central metabolism-mediating oxidative stress in Aureobasidium pullulans NG, and also provide new ideas for exploring the pathways of eukaryotic resistance to abiotic stress.

The current knowledge of Staphylococcus warneri phages is limited, with few genomes sequenced and characterized. In this study, a prophage, vB_G30_01, isolated from Staphylococcus warneri G30 was characterized and evaluated for its lysogenic host range. The phage was studied using transmission electron microscopy and a host range. The phage genome was sequenced and characterized in depth, including phylogenetic and taxonomic analyses. The linear dsDNA genome of vB_G30_01 contains 67 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), classifying it within Bronfenbrennervirinae. With a total of 10 ORFs involved in DNA replication-related and transcriptional regulator functions, vB_G30_01 may play a role in the genetics and transcription of a host. Additionally, vB_G30_01 possesses a complete set of genes related to host lysogeny and lysis, implying that vB_G30_01 may influence the survival and adaptation of its host. Furthermore, a comparative genomic analysis reveals that vB_G30_01 shares high genomic similarity with other Staphylococcus phages and is relatively closely related to those of Exiguobacterium and Bacillus, which, in combination with the cross-infection assay, suggests possible cross-species infection capabilities. This study enhances the understanding of Staphylococcus warneri prophages, providing insights into phage–host interactions and potential horizontal gene transfer.