The discovery that ameloblastoma has a high mutation incidence of BRAF V600E may enable a better investigation of pathophysiology. However, there is inconsistent evidence regarding this mutation occurrence and its association with clinical information. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to pool the overall mutation prevalence of BRAF V600E in reported ameloblastoma cases and to determine its association with patient demographic and clinicopathological features. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive article search was conducted through four databases (Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science). Seventeen articles between 2014 and 2022 met the inclusion criteria with 833 ameloblastoma cases. For each included study, the significance of BRAF V600E on the outcome parameters was determined using odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Meta-analysis prevalence of BRAF V600E in ameloblastoma was 70.49%, and a significant meta-analysis association was reported for those younger than 54 years old and in the mandible. On the contrary, other factors, such as sex, histological variants, and recurrence, were insignificant. As a result of the significant outcome of BRAF V600E mutation in ameloblastoma pathogenesis, targeted therapy formulation can be developed with this handful of evidence.

Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia is a reactive, self-limiting ulcer within the oral cavity; however, clinically, it mimics a malignant ulcer. Here, we report the case of a 13-year-old boy who presented with a painful solitary indurated ulcer at the lower lip for a week. Histopathological examination revealed an ulcerated lesion with significant infiltration of eosinophils, small lymphocytes, and large lymphoid cells. Further immunohistochemistry showed the inflammatory cells were CD3-positive T cells and CD68-positive, with a minority of the cell population showing CD30 positivity. CD1a-positive dendritic cells were also observed. We discuss the clinical and histopathological differential diagnoses of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders and how to correlate them in formulating the final diagnosis.

Bioactive glasses (BGs) are widely used in various fields of dentistry, and reinforcing these BGs with fluoride is of particular interest for the remineralisation of dental hard tissue. In this study, fluoride-reinforced 50S8P BGs (BGF and mBGF) were prepared using the sol–gel method at different ageing temperatures. The BGs were manually ground into powder, sieved and characterised using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry ( (TGA-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The fluoride-reinforced BG (BGF and mBGF) exhibited a greater mass loss based on TGA, whilst DSC analysis showed that the addition of fluoride reduced transition temperature, crystallisation temperature and melting temperature. XRD analysis revealed that fluoride incorporation led to the formation of Na ₂ Ca ₂ Si ₃ O ₉ and fluorinated phases such as Ca ₅ (PO ₄ ) ₃ F, NaCa ₂ FSiO ₄ and CaSiO ₂ F ₂ . FTIR spectra indicated that fluorine (F) in the composition bonded with Si–O–Si (tetrahedral structure) functional groups. XRF and EDS results confirmed the presence of fluorine in BG and mBGF samples, with a higher fluoride content observed in the mBGF sample. After incubation in simulated body fluid, XRD, FTIR and SEM analyses demonstrated that all three samples (BG, BGF and mBGF) were capable of forming a hydroxyapatite layer. Furthermore, BGF and mBGF exhibited the formation of fluoroapatite, indicating enhanced remineralisation potential. Additionally, these BGs showed non-toxicity at low doses and were biocompatible with SaOS-2 cells based on MTT assay results.