Titanium dioxide represents an effective photocatalyst for water and air purification and for self-cleaning surfaces. Additionally, it can be used as antibacterial agent because of strong oxidation activity and superhydrophilicity. TiO2 shows relatively high reactivity and chemical stability under ultraviolet light (� 400 nm) should allow the main part of the solar spectrum, even under poor illumination of interior lighting, to be used. Visible light-activated TiO2 could be prepared by metal-ion implantation, reducing of TiO2, non- metal doping or sensitizing of TiO 2 with dyes. This paper reviews preparation methods of doped-TiO2 with metallic and nonmetallic species, including various types of dopants and doping methods currently available. The mechanism of heterogeneous photocatalysis in the presence of TiO2 is also discussed.

Designable morphology and predictable properties are the most challenging goals in material engineering. Features such as shape, size, porosity, agglomeration ratio significantly affect the final properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and can be regulated throughout synthesis parameters but require a deep understanding of the mechanisms of MOFs formation. Herein, we systematically summarize the effects of the individual synthesis factors, such as pH of reaction mixture, including acidic or basic character of modulators, temperature, solvents types, surfactants type and content and ionic liquids on the morphology of growing MOFs. We identified main mechanisms of MOFs' growth leading to different morphology of final particles and next systematically discuss the effect of miscellaneous parameters on MOFs morphology based on the main mechanisms related to the nucleation, growth and formation of final MOFs structure, including coordination modulation, protonation/deprotonation acting and modulation by surfactants or capping agents. The effect of microwaves and ultrasound employment during synthesis is also considered due to their affecting especially nucleation and particles growing steps during MOFs formation.