This paper studies the shape design strategy of underground atriums in cold regions based on climate adaptability. From the perspective of climate adaptability, by controlling the shape design parameters of the atrium, and taking the light and thermal performance of the underground atrium as the optimization goal, the light and heat performance simulation and multi-objective optimization are constructed. Method, analyzing the effect relationship of various shape parameters on the light and heat environment and exploring the shape scheme of the underground atrium suitable for cold regions. And it is hoped that architects can take into account the quality of the light and heat environment of the underground atrium in architectural design and use space adjustment to improve the awareness of the quality of the light and heat environment of the underground atrium. The simulation results show that the annual PMV thermal comfort time percentage is 20.47%, the heat radiation difference RAD in summer and winter is 21.17 kw∙w/m², and the average percentage of natural lighting is 67.41%.

With urban development and renewal, underground space is becoming more utilized. The design and use of open underground public space entrances and exits have become more and more frequent. As a pedestrian passage connecting indoors and outdoors, the wind and thermal environment of open entrances have a great impact on human comfort. This paper investigates the open underground space entrances and exits in Xuzhou. Physical environments such as temperature and wind speed were measured. Through numerical simulation, the influence relationships between the spatial form elements of open entrances and exits and microclimate and thermal comfort were investigated. This study showed that there are four common spatial morphological elements of open entrances and exits. The physiologicafl equivalent temperature (PET) of the outdoor part of the entrance is the highest in summer, and the lowest in winter, and the PET is most affected by the shape of the opening plane and the aspect ratio, which are linearly related. The trends of the spatial morphology elements were not consistent when seeking the optimal situation of PET in summer and winter, respectively. The relationship between the spatial form elements of entrances and PET established in this study provides technical guidance for the design of open entrances, which can help improve environmental quality and enhance human comfort.

The urban wind–thermal environment affects the sustainable development of the urban ecological environment. In recent years, China has frequently suffered from storms, hurricanes, floods, and other disasters that damage the urban ecology. The urban wind and thermal environment involves many components; therefore, it is necessary to systematically review the current research progress in China. This paper uses CiteSpace software to analyze researchers, institutions, keywords, and research hotspots. By summarizing the knowledge structure, temporal and spatial distribution, evolution trends, and frontiers and hotspots of urban wind and thermal environment research, it is found that (1) the urban wind and thermal environment has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of the urban ecological environment; (2) the cooperative relationship between authors generally presents the characteristics of “large dispersion, small aggregation”, and the inter-institutional cooperation in this field is close and forms part of the interdisciplinary cooperation; (3) the research content involves a variety of disciplines and provides a good platform for interdisciplinary research, and the focus of the research has gradually shifted from the macro urban layout to the micro urban local environment; and (4) in order to obtain a more targeted understanding of the mechanisms of the urban wind–thermal environment, technical methods and regulatory means should be used to study the target at different scales and levels. In the future, multidisciplinary communication should be strengthened, qualitative and quantitative research should be performed with the help of mature technical methods in various disciplines, and the scale classification of research objects should be refined to improve the theoretical methods and evaluation system of each scale.

Underground spaces offer significant potential for sustainable urban development, particularly in cold climate regions where surface thermal fluctuations are extreme. However, optimizing the wind–heat environmental performance of such spaces remains insufficiently explored, especially in relation to spatial morphology. This study addresses this gap by investigating how underground spatial configurations influence thermal comfort and ventilation efficiency. Six representative spatial prototypes—fully enclosed, single-side open, double-side open, central atrium, wind tower, and earth kiln—were constructed based on common underground design typologies. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to evaluate airflow patterns and thermal responses under winter and summer conditions, incorporating relevant geotechnical properties into the boundary setup. The results indicate that deeper burial depths enhance thermal stability, while central atrium and wind tower prototypes offer the most balanced performance in both ventilation and heat regulation. These findings provide valuable design guidance for climate-responsive underground developments and contribute to the interdisciplinary integration of building physics, spatial design, and geotechnical engineering.