Single-wire power transfer (SWPT) can achieve a similar effect as wireless power transfer by using inherent facilities as the transport media, and the different selection of the transport media can lead to a great difference in the system transfer efficiency. In this article, the electromagnetic properties, structural variations, and bending variations of the transport media in the system are investigated based on an SWPT method that does not constitute a loop. The results show that electrical conductivity plays a dominant role in the SWPT system, whereas increasing the magnetic permeability will hinder the power transfer; for the shape of the transport media, no matter what cross-sectional shape and area of the transport media are used, the changes of the system efficiency are very small; the length of the transport media determines the transfer distance, and the system efficiency will decrease with the increase of the length of the transport media; when the bending of the transport media occurs, the different bending positions have different effects on the system transfer effect, the bending at the center of the transport media has the greatest effect on the transfer effect, whereas the bending near the receiver side has the least effect.

In this paper, a novel one-way single-wire power transfer structure is proposed. Different from the traditional single-wire power transfer system, power is one-way transmitted from the power source to the load, and no loop is constituted. The structure of one-way single-wire power transfer is studied in detail, and the influences of its length and shapes on the transmission efficiency are determined. Research shows that the length of the receiving structure plays a key role in improving the system’s efficiency, while the transmitting structure has a little effect. Based on ensuring transmission efficiency, the space volume optimization method is further applied. The expression of electromagnetic field distribution is derived theoretically, and the proposed structure is verified by simulation and experimental results.