A daily balance of physical activities, sedentary behaviors and sleep are important for maintaining the health of young children. The aim of this study is to explore the association between 24-h movement behavior of Malaysian children aged 4 to 6 years with weight status. A total of 230 preschoolers were recruited from 22 kindergartens in Kuala Lumpur. Physical activity was assessed by Actical accelerometer while screen time and sleep duration were proxy-reported by parents. Children spent on average 5.5 ± 1.3 h on total physical activity (including 1.0 ± 0.4 h of moderate- vigorous physical activity), 3.0 ± 1.6 h on screen activities and 9.5 ± 1.3 h sleeping daily. The proportion of children who complied with physical activity and sleep guidelines were 48.7% and 55.2%, respectively. About 25.2% of children met screen time recommendation. Only 6.5% of children met all three age-specific physical activity, screen time and sleep guidelines. Children who met any two guidelines were less likely to be overweight or obesity compared to those who did not meet any of the guidelines (OR: 0.276; 95% CI: 0.080–0.950). In conclusion, Malaysian preschoolers have low compliance to movement behavior guidelines, especially in meeting screen time recommendations. Compliance to movement behavior guidelines was associated with lower odds of overweight and obesity.

The transition from one-child policy to two-child policy exacerbated women's employment discrimination in China. The three-child policy may exacerbate women's employment discrimination further. This paper aims to review past literature, on women employment discrimination, causes or factors of the discrimination and the challenges the women faced. Women employment discrimination in China is also reviewed, specifically from the fertility policy perspective. A qualitative systematic thematic literature review revealed specific themes, including employment discrimination and gender discrimination, women discrimination in employment, the influence of childbearing on women employment, fertility policy, and women employment discrimination. Furthermore, there are several causes of women employment discrimination: one of them being fertility policies. The review revealed some research strengths that can strengthen new research on women employment discrimination. Gaps in terms of research limitations are identified, such as a lack of empirical data on gender bias, a paucity of data on research on gender discrimination in relation to specific fertility policies, and a lack of in-depth analyses of women's career opportunities and barriers in different cultural settings. Despite China's concern with the impact of the number of children on women employment, in-depth research on the relationship between fertility policies, especially the latest three-child policy, and women employment discrimination is limited. Therefore, there is a need to conduct more comprehensive and substantive studies on women employment discrimination that is occurring in societies, including in China, undergoing rapid social change due to accelerated modernization, capitalism, and industrialization during this Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR).

Youths, in and beyond Malaysia, play a significant role in spurring the expansion of conventional agriculture to smart agriculture. Smart agriculture utilises modern technologies to produce and increase the quality and quantity of agricultural products in farms. Agriculture technology should be able to attract digitally savvy and educated youths, especially university students. However, the youths’ readiness to participate in both agriculture sectors is still a concern, especially from structural and external perspectives beyond the youth’s agency. Hence, key research questions arose: What are the factors influencing youth readiness? How do those factors influence the youths? A structural approach to review qualitatively 158 past studies (between 2015 until 2025) on smart farming or smart agriculture sourced from Web of Science, SCOPUS and Google Scholar is conducted deductively and sociologically. The objective of the review is to identify and analyse structural and external factors. The factors discovered as socio-cultural, institutional, organisational, economic, and smart technology in nature are concerned with availability, accessibility, adequacy and sustainability issues about youth participation in smart agriculture. Specifically, the factors are family background; social and moral support; social networks and social capital; social perceptions of youths as young farmers; youth talent and development strategies; finance and credit facilities; regulatory and policy support; agriculture extension services; and smart agriculture technology and information communication technology. An implication is more research on youth human capital in smart farming and improved design and planning of effective conventional and smart farming policies and programmes for sustainable youth human capital in agriculture, particularly in Malaysia.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has facilitated the convergence of commerce and social media, transforming patterns of consumer behaviour worldwide. In China, this transformation has given rise to the so-called “Her economy,” reflecting women’s growing purchasing power and influence in shaping market trends. This study systematically reviews the literature on the influence of social media on women’s consumption by applying the PRISMA framework to identify, screen, and select relevant studies. A total of 43 articles published between 2020 and 2025 were examined through thematic analysis to synthesise key findings. The review shows that social media provides women with new spaces for self-expression, product evaluation, and more informed decision-making, thereby contributing to consumer empowerment. At the same time, however, women remain subject to gendered marketing strategies that risk reinforcing stereotypes and alienating their diverse needs and desires. Findings further indicate that the dynamics of women’s consumption in China are shaped by the interplay between digital platforms, consumer agency, and commercial practices, which reflects both empowerment and constraint. Despite these insights, current studies display limited engagement with post-feminist perspectives that could illuminate how gender norms continue to influence digital consumption. Methodologically, most research relies heavily on self-reported data, overlooking digital traces that capture consumers’ immediate responses to social media content. Future studies should therefore integrate survey methods with digital content analysis to provide a more comprehensive understanding of women’s consumption patterns in the digital era.

Penggunaan Aplikasi Whatsapp Dan Keperluan Sosial Anggota Komuniti Kejiranan Di Taman Wawasan, Malaysia