Background Chongqing, the most populous city in Southwest China. This study aims to examine the equity of health resource allocation in Chongqing using the latest statistics, analyse possible shortcomings and propose strategies to address these issues. Methods This cross-sectional study used healthcare resource, population, area and gross domestic product data from the Seventh National Census Bulletin of Chongqing, the National County Statistical Yearbook, the Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Statistics and the Chongqing Health Statistical Yearbook 2022. We also studied the equity of health resource allocation in Chongqing by using the Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve and Theil index, and used the Analytical Hierarchy Process and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (AHP–TOPSIS) method to comprehensively evaluate the health resources in the four major regions of Chongqing. Results The Gini coefficient of health resources in Chongqing in 2021 was the highest when allocated according to geographical area, between 0.4285 and 0.6081, both of which exceeded 0.4, and the Gini coefficient of medical equipment was the highest and exceeded 0.6. The inter-regional Theil index of each resource was greater than the intraregional Theil index, and the contribution of inter-regional differences ranged from 64.83% to 80.21%. The results of the AHP–TOPSIS method showed that the relative proximity between health resources and ideal solutions in four regions of Chongqing ranged from 0.0753 to 0.9277. Conclusion The allocation of health resources in Chongqing exhibits pronounced inequities, particularly in the distribution of medical equipment according to geographical area. Moreover, there exists a substantial gap in the equity of health resource allocation among the four regions of Chongqing. As such, this study emphasises the need for Chongqing, China, to prioritise the equitable allocation of health resources and increase consideration of geographic factors. Implementing measures to promote equitable allocation of health resources, particularly in geographic terms, is critical.

Object: The correct use of nutrition labels for prepackaged food helps university students develop healthy eating habits and prevent the occurrence of chronic non-communicable diseases. This study evaluates the understanding and use of nutrition labels of prepackaged food by university students in four different fields of study in Chongqing, China. Methods: This cross-sectional study used an online survey platform conducted in July 2022 in colleges and universities in Chongqing, China. The convenience sampling method was used to select students in four different fields of study, including medicine, humanities, science and technology, and arts and sports. Ten questions were used to assess participants’ understanding of nutrition labels. A score of six or above (60%) indicates that the respondent has a basic understanding of the nutritional labels of prepackaged food. Descriptive statistics and generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to assess participants’ understanding and use of nutrition labels for prepackaged foods and their influencing factors. Results: A total of 1262 valid questionnaires was collected. The average age of the participants was 21.8 years (SD: 2.43), 50.1% were male, 80.8% were ethnic Han, and 50.9% were from rural areas. Only 21.3% of the university students in Chongqing had a good understanding of the nutrition labels of prepackaged food, where medical students were the highest (39.9%) and science and engineering students were the lowest (15.6%). Gender, ethnicity, grade, major, and whether received courses related to nutrition were influential factors in the understanding and use of nutrition labels of prepackaged food. Medical students also had more positive attitudes toward nutritional labels of prepackaged food. Conclusions: Understanding and use of nutrition labels for prepackaged food by university students in Chongqing are unsatisfactory. Student’s major was a significant influencing factor in nutrition label comprehension, with medical students having the greatest understanding. Based on these results, we suggest that nutrition and health courses should be popularized among non-medical students to narrow the differences between different fields of study. For university students in all fields of study, education and publicity of nutrition labels of prepackaged food are needed, not only in the classroom but also in daily life.

Background: Hypertension and mental disorders, particularly depression, significantly impact Asia’s older adult. Alleviating depression in older adult hypertensive patients can significantly enhance their quality of life. This study evaluates the mental health status of hypertensive patients over 60 who do or do not provide intergenerational family support.Methods: Using 2020 CHARLS data, we analyzed 4,851 hypertensive patients aged ≥60. Intergenerational family support was categorized into financial, daily caregiving, and emotional support, with mental health measured via the Chinese CESD-10. Multivariate linear regression and propensity score matching (PSM) assessed mental health changes from different support types. Heterogeneity analysis examined differences across age, gender, education, and urban–rural areas.Results: Caregiving (β = −0.78, p < 0.01) and emotional support (β = −0.56, p < 0.05) significantly reduced depressive symptoms in older adult hypertensive patients, while financial support showed no significant impact. Sensitivity tests confirmed these results. Subgroup analyses revealed greater benefits for women (emotional support: β = −0.77), rural residents (emotional support: β = −0.59), and those aged ≥75 (caregiving support: β = −2.26).Conclusion: Non-material intergenerational support, especially caregiving and emotional involvement, is crucial for alleviating depression in older adult hypertensive patients, whereas financial support has little effect. Policies should prioritize psychosocial interventions over financial aid, particularly for vulnerable groups like women, rural residents, and the older adult aged ≥75.

Background: Burnout and presenteeism are occupational health problems affecting professional stability in the nursing workforce and the quality of healthcare services. Social support is considered to be associated with burnout and presenteeism; however, the symptom-level association patterns among these three constructs remain unclear. This study systematically explored the structural associations and node characteristics among burnout, presenteeism, and social support based on a network analysis approach. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among pediatric nurses in Chongqing, Southwest China, using a convenience sampling method, yielding 876 valid samples. A Gaussian graphical model (GGM) was constructed based on the Spearman correlation matrix, and the regularized partial correlation network was estimated using the EBIC-glasso algorithm. Network structure was computed using R software, and centrality indices, including strength, betweenness, closeness, and expected influence were derived. The accuracy of edge weight and the stability of centrality measures were assessed through 1,000 nonparametric bootstrap samples. Results: Presenteeism was positively correlated with burnout (r = 0.433), social support was negatively correlated with burnout (r = −0.361), and social support was negatively correlated with presenteeism (r = −0.179) (all p < 0.05). The strongest edge weight in the network structure was 0.72. Within the burnout module, D6 showed a strong connection with D5 and was associated with the depersonalization item E1, indicating that emotional exhaustion occupied a core position in the network. Centrality analysis demonstrated that E1 (Strength = 1.173), C11 (Strength = 1.122), and D6 (Strength = 1.112) were influential nodes. D1 and C3 showed the highest betweenness (Bet. = 97), playing bridging roles. Bootstrap results indicated narrow confidence intervals for edge weights, and the strength index maintained correlations >0.70 when 50% of the sample was retained, suggesting acceptable stability for strength-related findings in this sample. Conclusions: There were interactive relationships among burnout, presenteeism, and social support in pediatric nurses. Items related to emotional exhaustion were relevant nodes linking depersonalization and presenteeism, while family and emergency-related support resources played roles within the social support module. Network analysis identified relevant intervention nodes in occupational health and provides a reference for promoting occupational health

Objectives: The reduction in intrinsic capacity significantly impacts the functional abilities of older individuals, and is strongly linked to adverse health consequences. Safeguarding and enhancing an elderly person’s intrinsic capacity can lead to better life quality and improved social well-being. This research seeks to explore the relationships between social engagement, physical activity, and the likelihood of decline in intrinsic capacity among the elderly in China. Methods: Utilizing the CHARLS data from 2015, individuals with incomplete information were removed from our study. Our analysis included a total of 3502 samples. Social participation and physical activity were assessed through self-reported surveys. The evaluation of intrinsic capacity, based on WHO criteria, thoroughly examined participants in five areas: mobility, sensory functions, vitality, mental health and cognitive abilities. The links between social participation, physical activity and intrinsic capacity decline were revealed through logistic regression. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were employed as a statistical model, exploring the relationships between dose and response. Interaction analysis was used to examine the interaction between social participation and physical activity. Analyses of subgroups facilitated the evaluation of variations based on factors including age, gender, duration of sleep, and chronic disease numbers. Results: In contrast to the low-level group, individuals with moderate to high degrees of social participation (OR = 0.80, p = 0.012; OR = 0.56, p < 0.001) and those with moderate to high levels physical activity (OR = 0.72, p = 0.019; OR = 0.74, p = 0.016) demonstrated a notably lower risk of decline in intrinsic capacities. A negative correlation was identified in a dose-response manner between social participation and the risk of IC decline. A U-shaped relationship was established between physical activity levels and the risk of intrinsic capacity decline. The fully adjusted interaction model showed that no significant interaction was observed between social participation and physical activity (p = 0.778). Furthermore, subgroup analyses showed that these associations remained generally consistent across older adults of different age groups, genders, sleep duration, and numbers of chronic diseases. Conclusions: In order to slow down the deterioration of intrinsic capacity in older adults in China, it may be beneficial to focus on sustaining elevated levels of social participation and engaging in moderate physical activity. Higher levels of social participation are associated with a lower risk of experiencing a decline in intrinsic capacity, whereas both insufficient and excessive physical activity are associated with an increased risk of intrinsic capacity decline.

Objective: To investigate the occurrence trends, distribution characteristics, and contributing factors of medical damage liability disputes in Chongqing from 2012 to 2024, thereby providing data support for risk prevention and control in regional medical institutions and for health policy formulation. Methods: A retrospective study design was employed. Adjudication documents pertaining to medical damage liability disputes in Chongqing, spanning from January 2012 to December 2024, were retrieved from the China Judgments Online database. A total of 1761 eligible cases were selected based on standardized criteria. Statistical analysis was conducted on core case variables. Results: The number of cases exhibited a fluctuating upward trend from 2012 to 2024, peaking in 2019 (276 cases) before subsequently declining. The average actual compensation amount demonstrated a steady increase, reaching its highest level in 2023 (259,200 ± 53,900 CNY). Deficiencies in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures constituted the predominant cause of disputes (50.37%). Surgical departments (46.05%) and orthopedics departments (22.60%) were identified as high-risk specialties. Tertiary public hospitals accounted for the highest proportion of disputes (48.89%) and the highest average actual compensation (216,100 ± 10,600 CNY). Regarding the apportionment of liability, secondary liability attributed to the medical provider was the most frequent (29.59%). Patient death was the most common adverse outcome (37.14%). The highest average compensation amount was associated with persistent vegetative state outcomes (777,500 ± 157,200 CNY). Statistically significant differences in actual compensation amounts were observed across all outcome categories (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: The situation concerning medical damage disputes in Chongqing remains severe. The etiologies of disputes are predominantly attributable to medical technical factors—particularly deficiencies in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures—and failure to fulfill a duty of care, both of which are associated with elevated compensation amounts. Given that this study employed a retrospective descriptive design, the aforementioned findings reflect associations among variables rather than causal relationships. Based on the identified risk hierarchy, it is recommended that priority be given to strengthening perioperative safety verification and re-certification of critical procedural skills in high-incidence departments, such as surgery and obstetrics and gynecology, enhancing informed consent and medical record quality management, and advancing the tiered healthcare delivery system, with a view to reducing medical risks and mitigating doctor–patient conflicts.