This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.

Prof. Enrico Quagliarini
Università Politecnica Marche

Basic Info


Research Keywords & Expertise

0 behavioural design/assessment of the built environment
0 risk reduction and evacuation strategies in emergency
0 retrofitting and conservation of Historic constructions and Architectural and Archaeological Heritage
0 analysis and modelling in emergency protection
0 human behaviours testing

Fingerprints

risk reduction and evacuation strategies in emergency
analysis and modelling in emergency protection

Honors and Awards

The user has no records in this section


Career Timeline

The user has no records in this section.


Short Biography

The user biography is not available.
Following
Followers
Co Authors
The list of users this user is following is empty.
Following: 0 users

Feed

Journal article
Published: 23 August 2021 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Planning for preparedness, in terms of multi-hazard disasters, involves testing the relevant abilities to mitigate damage and build resilience, through the assessment of deterministic disaster scenarios. Among risk-prone assets, open spaces (OSs) play a significant role in the characterization of the built environment (BE) and represent the relevant urban portion on which to develop multi-risk scenarios. The aim of this paper is to elaborate ideal scenarios—namely, Built Environment Typologies (BETs)—for simulation-based risk assessment actions, considering the safety and resilience of BEs in emergency conditions. The investigation is conducted through the GIS data collection of the common characteristics of OSs (i.e., squares), identified through five parameters considered significant in the scientific literature. These data were processed through a non-hierarchical cluster analysis. The results of the cluster analysis identified five groups of OSs, characterized by specific morphological, functional, and physical characteristics. Combining the outcomes of the cluster analysis with a critical analysis, nine final BETs were identified. The resulting BETs were linked to characteristic risk combinations, according to the analysed parameters. Thus, the multi-risk scenarios identified through the statistical analysis lay the basis for future risk assessments of BEs, based on the peculiar characteristics of Italian towns.

ACS Style

Alessandro D’Amico; Martina Russo; Marco Angelosanti; Gabriele Bernardini; Donatella Vicari; Enrico Quagliarini; Edoardo Currà. Built Environment Typologies Prone to Risk: A Cluster Analysis of Open Spaces in Italian Cities. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9457 .

AMA Style

Alessandro D’Amico, Martina Russo, Marco Angelosanti, Gabriele Bernardini, Donatella Vicari, Enrico Quagliarini, Edoardo Currà. Built Environment Typologies Prone to Risk: A Cluster Analysis of Open Spaces in Italian Cities. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9457.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alessandro D’Amico; Martina Russo; Marco Angelosanti; Gabriele Bernardini; Donatella Vicari; Enrico Quagliarini; Edoardo Currà. 2021. "Built Environment Typologies Prone to Risk: A Cluster Analysis of Open Spaces in Italian Cities." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9457.

Journal article
Published: 06 August 2021 in International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Climate-change induced disasters, like floods, are expected to increase in the future. In outdoor built environments, flood risk to evacuees depends on interactions between floodwater spreading, built environment features, flood-induced modifications, and individuals’ reaction in emergency phases. Disaster risk reduction strategies should mitigate the immediate flood impacts and improve the community resilience, while being easy-to-implement and effectively supporting evacuees during the initial phases of the emergency. Simulation-based methodologies could support safety planners in evaluating the effectiveness of such strategies, especially if basing on a micro-scale-oriented approach that represents emergency interactions between each individual and the surrounding outdoor built environment. This study adopts an existing micro-scale simulator (FlooPEDS) reproducing experimental-based flood evacuation behaviours. According to a behavioural design-based approach, simulation results focus on individual responses in the outdoor built environment through Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) aimed at providing evidence of critical interactions between evacuees, floodwaters and the outdoor built environment. A case study is selected by considering different flood scenarios to test such KPIs. Risk reduction solutions are then provided, and their effectiveness is checked by simulations. Results show the micro-scale and behavioural design-based approach capabilities in proposing multi-scenarios solutions (e.g.: architectural elements to support evacuees; emergency planning).

ACS Style

Gabriele Bernardini; Fiorenza Finizio; Matteo Postacchini; Enrico Quagliarini. Assessing the flood risk to evacuees in outdoor built environments and relative risk reduction strategies. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2021, 64, 102493 .

AMA Style

Gabriele Bernardini, Fiorenza Finizio, Matteo Postacchini, Enrico Quagliarini. Assessing the flood risk to evacuees in outdoor built environments and relative risk reduction strategies. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2021; 64 ():102493.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gabriele Bernardini; Fiorenza Finizio; Matteo Postacchini; Enrico Quagliarini. 2021. "Assessing the flood risk to evacuees in outdoor built environments and relative risk reduction strategies." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 64, no. : 102493.

Journal article
Published: 22 July 2021 in Safety Science
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Europe has been subject to a significant increase in terrorist acts and their impact in recent years. In this context, real-world events pointed out how the pedestrians’ safety is significantly affected by the attacks and their consequences on the Built Environment. As already done for other Sudden-onset disasters, evacuation behaviours should be investigated to properly define risk-mitigation strategies, thus considering the impacts of main factors such as attack type, crowd level, pedestrians’ typologies, built environment conditions. This work tries to fill these literature gaps by innovatively proposing a behavioural database for terrorist acts according to consolidated methods. Firstly, videotapes of recent terrorist acts all over Europe are collected. Qualitative analyses reveal which behaviours are common with other kinds of emergencies and which seem to be more frequent, while quantitative analyses provide first structured data to simulate the pedestrians' evacuation, such as speeds and fundamental diagrams of pedestrians' dynamics. Comparisons with existing databases concerning other disasters are provided. Results highlight differences between behavioural outputs of qualitative and quantitative variables considering terrorist acts and other evacuation types. Thus, provided data could be used as input for developing and testing evacuation models in the contexts of terrorist acts.

ACS Style

Gabriele Bernardini; Enrico Quagliarini. Terrorist acts and pedestrians’ behaviours: First insights on European contexts for evacuation modelling. Safety Science 2021, 143, 105405 .

AMA Style

Gabriele Bernardini, Enrico Quagliarini. Terrorist acts and pedestrians’ behaviours: First insights on European contexts for evacuation modelling. Safety Science. 2021; 143 ():105405.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gabriele Bernardini; Enrico Quagliarini. 2021. "Terrorist acts and pedestrians’ behaviours: First insights on European contexts for evacuation modelling." Safety Science 143, no. : 105405.

Journal article
Published: 10 July 2021 in Journal of Building Engineering
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The purpose of this study was to provide an empirical failure model predicting the microalgae growth on fired bricks surfaces. It was developed through a numerical fitting of experimental data present in literature. It considered the substrate properties related to biofouling (i.e. porosity and roughness) of different bricks under several environmental conditions (i.e. relative humidity and temperature). Results shows that the model is able to simulate the microalgae biofouling by explicitly taking into account such influencing factor. Finally, this empirical failure model is validated on a different dataset from literature and applied to time varying temperature.

ACS Style

Enrico Quagliarini; Benedetta Gregorini; Marco D'Orazio. An empirical failure model to predict biofouling growth on fired bricks due to microalgae. Journal of Building Engineering 2021, 44, 102965 .

AMA Style

Enrico Quagliarini, Benedetta Gregorini, Marco D'Orazio. An empirical failure model to predict biofouling growth on fired bricks due to microalgae. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021; 44 ():102965.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrico Quagliarini; Benedetta Gregorini; Marco D'Orazio. 2021. "An empirical failure model to predict biofouling growth on fired bricks due to microalgae." Journal of Building Engineering 44, no. : 102965.

Journal article
Published: 06 July 2021 in Safety Science
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Touristic cities will suffer from COVID-19 emergency because of its economic impact on their communities. The first emergency phases involved a wide closure of such areas to support “social distancing” measures (i.e. travels limitation; lockdown of (over)crowd-prone activities). In the “second phase”, individual’s risk-mitigation strategies (facial masks) could be properly linked to “social distancing” to ensure re-opening touristic cities to visitors. Simulation tools could support the effectiveness evaluation of risk-mitigation measures to look for an economic and social optimum for activities restarting. This work modifies an existing Agent-Based Model to estimate the virus spreading in touristic areas, including tourists and residents’ behaviours, movement and virus effects on them according to a probabilistic approach. Consolidated proximity-based and exposure-time-based contagion spreading rules are included according to international health organizations and previous calibration through experimental data. Effects of tourists’ capacity (as “social distancing”-based measure) and other strategies (i.e. facial mask implementation) are evaluated depending on virus-related conditions (i.e. initial infector percentages). An idealized scenario representing a significant case study has been analysed to demonstrate the tool capabilities and compare the effectiveness of those solutions. Results show that “social distancing” seems to be more effective at the highest infectors’ rates, although represents an extreme measure with important economic effects. This measure loses its full effectiveness (on the community) as the infectors’ rate decreases and individuals’ protection measures become predominant (facial masks). The model could be integrated to consider other recurring issues on tourist-related fruition and schedule of urban spaces and facilities (e.g. cultural/leisure buildings).

ACS Style

Marco D'Orazio; Gabriele Bernardini; Enrico Quagliarini. Sustainable and resilient strategies for touristic cities against COVID-19: An agent-based approach. Safety Science 2021, 142, 105399 .

AMA Style

Marco D'Orazio, Gabriele Bernardini, Enrico Quagliarini. Sustainable and resilient strategies for touristic cities against COVID-19: An agent-based approach. Safety Science. 2021; 142 ():105399.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco D'Orazio; Gabriele Bernardini; Enrico Quagliarini. 2021. "Sustainable and resilient strategies for touristic cities against COVID-19: An agent-based approach." Safety Science 142, no. : 105399.

Journal article
Published: 19 April 2021 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Urban Built Environments (UBE) are increasingly prone to SLow-Onset Disasters (SLODs) such as air pollution and heatwaves. The effectiveness of sustainable risk-mitigation solutions for the exposed individuals’ health should be defined by considering the effective scenarios in which emergency conditions can appear. Combining environmental (including climatic) conditions and exposed users’ presence and behaviors is a paramount task to support decision-makers in risk assessment. A clear definition of input scenarios and related critical conditions to be analyzed is needed, especially while applying simulation-based approaches. This work provides a methodology to fill this gap, based on hazard and exposure peaks identification. Quick and remote data-collection is adopted to speed up the process and promote the method application by low-trained specialists. Results firstly trace critical conditions by overlapping air pollution and heatwaves occurrence in the UBE. Exposure peaks (identified by remote analyses on the intended use of UBEs) are then merged to retrieve critical conditions due to the presence of the individuals over time and UBE spaces. The application to a significant case study (UBE in Milan, Italy) demonstrates the approach capabilities to identify key input scenarios for future human behavior simulation activities from a user-centered approach.

ACS Style

Juan Blanco Cadena; Graziano Salvalai; Michele Lucesoli; Enrico Quagliarini; Marco D’Orazio. Flexible Workflow for Determining Critical Hazard and Exposure Scenarios for Assessing SLODs Risk in Urban Built Environments. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4538 .

AMA Style

Juan Blanco Cadena, Graziano Salvalai, Michele Lucesoli, Enrico Quagliarini, Marco D’Orazio. Flexible Workflow for Determining Critical Hazard and Exposure Scenarios for Assessing SLODs Risk in Urban Built Environments. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4538.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Blanco Cadena; Graziano Salvalai; Michele Lucesoli; Enrico Quagliarini; Marco D’Orazio. 2021. "Flexible Workflow for Determining Critical Hazard and Exposure Scenarios for Assessing SLODs Risk in Urban Built Environments." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4538.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2021 in Sustainable Cities and Society
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Riverine Historic Built Environments (HBEs) in urban centres are relevant scenarios for flood risk, due to the compact layout of their outdoor spaces, that are squares and streets, and their position in flood-prone areas. Differences in HBE layout can provide differences in flood risks, but excluding the response of exposed individuals can lead to risk underestimation or overestimation, as for other hazards. This work is a first attempt to compare how accounting or not pedestrian evacuation behaviours can affect flood risk assessment and emergency strategies evaluation. Parametric configurations of typical HBEs are provided on case-studies, and existing tools for hydrodynamic and pedestrian evacuation simulation are applied to them. Risk indexes for the whole HBE (macroscale) and each outdoor space (microscale) in it are provided. Results show how the risk indexes trends accounting or not pedestrian evacuation behaviours are similar if considering the macroscale, while differences at the microscale exist (about 15 % in absolute terms). Concerning emergency strategies, sheltering seems to decrease the risk for the whole HBE up to 33 % in comparison to leaving the flood-affected area. Results also support where/how to place gathering areas in the HBE.

ACS Style

Gabriele Bernardini; Guido Romano; Luciano Soldini; Enrico Quagliarini. How urban layout and pedestrian evacuation behaviours can influence flood risk assessment in riverine historic built environments. Sustainable Cities and Society 2021, 70, 102876 .

AMA Style

Gabriele Bernardini, Guido Romano, Luciano Soldini, Enrico Quagliarini. How urban layout and pedestrian evacuation behaviours can influence flood risk assessment in riverine historic built environments. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021; 70 ():102876.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gabriele Bernardini; Guido Romano; Luciano Soldini; Enrico Quagliarini. 2021. "How urban layout and pedestrian evacuation behaviours can influence flood risk assessment in riverine historic built environments." Sustainable Cities and Society 70, no. : 102876.

Research article
Published: 27 February 2021 in Building Simulation
Reads 0
Downloads 0

University buildings are one of the most relevant closed environments in which the COVID-19 event clearly pointed out stakeholders’ needs toward safety issues, especially because of the possibility of day-to-day presences of the same users (i.e. students, teachers) and overcrowding causing long-lasting contacts with possible “infectors”. While waiting for the vaccine, as for other public buildings, policy-makers’ measures to limit virus outbreaks combine individual’s strategies (facial masks), occupants’ capacity and access control. But, up to now, no easy-to-apply tools are available for assessing the punctual effectiveness of such measures. To fill this gap, this work proposes a quick and probabilistic simulation model based on consolidated proximity and exposure-time-based rules for virus transmission confirmed by international health organizations. The building occupancy is defined according to university scheduling, identifying the main “attraction areas” in the building (classrooms, break-areas). Scenarios are defined in terms of occupants’ densities and the above-mentioned mitigation strategies. The model is calibrated on experimental data and applied to a relevant university building. Results demonstrate the model capabilities. In particular, it underlines that if such strategies are not combined, the virus spreading can be limited by only using high protection respiratory devices (i.e. FFP3) by almost every occupant. On the contrary, the combination between access control and building capacity limitation can lead to the adoption of lighter protective devices (i.e. surgical masks), thus improving the feasibility, users’ comfort and favorable reception. Simplified rules to combine acceptable mask filters-occupants’ density are thus provided to help stakeholders in organizing users’ presences in the building during the pandemic.

ACS Style

Marco D'Orazio; Gabriele Bernardini; Enrico Quagliarini. A probabilistic model to evaluate the effectiveness of main solutions to COVID-19 spreading in university buildings according to proximity and time-based consolidated criteria. Building Simulation 2021, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Marco D'Orazio, Gabriele Bernardini, Enrico Quagliarini. A probabilistic model to evaluate the effectiveness of main solutions to COVID-19 spreading in university buildings according to proximity and time-based consolidated criteria. Building Simulation. 2021; ():1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco D'Orazio; Gabriele Bernardini; Enrico Quagliarini. 2021. "A probabilistic model to evaluate the effectiveness of main solutions to COVID-19 spreading in university buildings according to proximity and time-based consolidated criteria." Building Simulation , no. : 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 06 February 2021 in Journal of Cultural Heritage
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The Historic Built Environment (HBE) is constantly prone to natural disasters because of its complexity. Resilience-increasing strategies in such a context should both preserve the cultural heritage and make the hosted communities safe. Earthquakes represent critical disasters because of the interactions between HBE elements (i.e.: buildings, open spaces, urban paths) and its inhabitants. Thus, the practical development of emergency plans and related risk reduction strategies should consider the induced effects of the earthquake on the HBE and the spatiotemporal variation in the number of exposed people. This goal needs propaedeutic methods to define relevant scenarios in view of the possible characterization of risk-related factors at the HBE scale. To this aim, this contribution tries to arrange a first sustainable, holistic, easy-to-use, and replicable framework. The paper innovatively provides planners with a unique scheme to reach available data from reliable sources concerning seismic hazard, vulnerability and damage, and exposure (i.e. related to human lives quantification). Results on a case-study application (a typical Italian HBE) demonstrate the framework capabilities, by including the critical HBE damage-related conditions and crowding phenomena (in a multi-hazard perspective, based on the probable number and typologies of exposed individuals). Then, specific solutions can be advanced. The proposed holistic framework can be easily replicable and adaptable due to the possibility to update the employed tools as well as to replace them with other existing and validated ones, giving the same inquired parameters as results. The methodological framework could constitute an effective support for risk scenarios creation at the HBE scale to be used in risk-assessment and emergency plans actions (e.g. basing on typological analyses on buildings/urban tissue, and simulation-based studies including individuals' behaviours in emergency and evacuation) by guaranteeing rapid data collection activities.

ACS Style

Enrico Quagliarini; Michele Lucesoli; Gabriele Bernardini. How to create seismic risk scenarios in historic built environment using rapid data collection and managing. Journal of Cultural Heritage 2021, 48, 93 -105.

AMA Style

Enrico Quagliarini, Michele Lucesoli, Gabriele Bernardini. How to create seismic risk scenarios in historic built environment using rapid data collection and managing. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2021; 48 ():93-105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrico Quagliarini; Michele Lucesoli; Gabriele Bernardini. 2021. "How to create seismic risk scenarios in historic built environment using rapid data collection and managing." Journal of Cultural Heritage 48, no. : 93-105.

Journal article
Published: 03 February 2021 in Safety Science
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Urban floods are becoming more and more intense and frequent allover the world. Extreme events are the main triggering factors of such floods, and merit attention for what concerns the urban planning and emergency strategies. Numerical models aimed at investigating the optimal paths for evacuees escaping a flooded urban environment may be used by local authorities to properly understand how to improve people safety and mitigate the flood risk. Implementation of empirical laws in such models to describe the people stability in flooded areas is thus crucial to understand the behavior of evacuees and rescuers during emergency conditions. Laboratory experiments have been undertaken using a physical model representing a human body at quasi-natural scale, towed by an electrical engine in the water at rest. This represents a novel laboratory approach which exploits a non-inertial reference frame in motion with the model. The experimental results, obtained using different combinations of water depth and flow speed, have led to empirical laws which outline the stability conditions occurring when either the model front or the model back faces the flow, these respectively corresponding to Backward Toppling Instability (BTI) and Forward Toppling Instability (FTI). Such laws have been found through comparison with reference literature works, using various statistical methods. The FTI condition has been seen to largely improve the human stability compared to BTI, in contrast to the results of previous literature works, which stated an overall similarity between the results of the two toppling conditions. To better understand the role of the water flow during the different tests, hydraulic forces and moments have been measured. It has been seen that dynamic and static effects are comparable during high-speed conditions, especially due to a relevant fluid-model interaction and an increase of the water-surface level, while dynamic effects are negligible during low-speed conditions. The results of the present contribution can represent an important step forward for the numerical models applied to the framework of urban and emergency planning.

ACS Style

Matteo Postacchini; Gabriele Bernardini; Marco D’Orazio; Enrico Quagliarini. Human stability during floods: Experimental tests on a physical model simulating human body. Safety Science 2021, 137, 105153 .

AMA Style

Matteo Postacchini, Gabriele Bernardini, Marco D’Orazio, Enrico Quagliarini. Human stability during floods: Experimental tests on a physical model simulating human body. Safety Science. 2021; 137 ():105153.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Postacchini; Gabriele Bernardini; Marco D’Orazio; Enrico Quagliarini. 2021. "Human stability during floods: Experimental tests on a physical model simulating human body." Safety Science 137, no. : 105153.

Journal article
Published: 28 January 2021 in Applied Sciences
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Citizens in dense built environments are susceptible to the simultaneous occurrence of Slow Onset Disaster (SLOD) events, being particularly prone to increasing temperatures and air pollution. Previous research works have assessed these events’ arousal separately and have identified when their intensity is critical. However, few have integrated their analysis, possibly limited by the quality and granularity of available data, the accessibility and distribution of sensors, and measurements not emulating the surroundings of a pedestrian. Thus, this work performed an outdoor meso-scale multi-hazard-based risk analysis to study the aggregated effects of the SLODs mentioned above. The study was carried out to narrow down the time-frames within 2019 in which these two events could have affected citizens’ health the most. A weighted fuzzy logic was applied to superimpose climatic (temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar irradiance) and air quality (particulate matter, ozone, and ammonium) distress (true risk) on an hourly basis, allocated using set healthy and comfortable ranges for a specific dense urban climate context within Milan (Italy), processing data from Milano via Juvara station. The findings show that sensitive groups were at risk of high temperature and pollution separately during 26% and 29% of summer and mid-season hours, respectively; while multi-hazard risk would arise during 10.93% of summer and mid-season hours, concentrated mainly between 14:00 and 20:00.

ACS Style

Juan Diego Blanco Cadena; Nicola Moretti; Graziano Salvalai; Enrico Quagliarini; Fulvio Re Cecconi; Tiziana Poli. A New Approach to Assess the Built Environment Risk under the Conjunct Effect of Critical Slow Onset Disasters: A Case Study in Milan, Italy. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 1186 .

AMA Style

Juan Diego Blanco Cadena, Nicola Moretti, Graziano Salvalai, Enrico Quagliarini, Fulvio Re Cecconi, Tiziana Poli. A New Approach to Assess the Built Environment Risk under the Conjunct Effect of Critical Slow Onset Disasters: A Case Study in Milan, Italy. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (3):1186.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Diego Blanco Cadena; Nicola Moretti; Graziano Salvalai; Enrico Quagliarini; Fulvio Re Cecconi; Tiziana Poli. 2021. "A New Approach to Assess the Built Environment Risk under the Conjunct Effect of Critical Slow Onset Disasters: A Case Study in Milan, Italy." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3: 1186.

Review
Published: 17 January 2021 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Terrorist impacts have been increasing over time in many countries, being one of the most significant threats for the Built Environment (BE), intended as a network of open spaces (streets, squares) and facing buildings, and their users. Such risk is affected by a combination of strategic functions and crowd conditions. This work traces, for the first time, the state-of-the-art consolidated Risk Mitigation and Reduction Strategies (RMRSs). Solid RMRS regulatory frameworks from all over the world are collected. The results show how classification criteria distinguish them by attack targets and typologies, effectiveness over time/space, and physical implementation versus management-based deployment. Nevertheless, these criteria seem to be too fragmented, failing in pursuing RMRSs selection in a holistic outlook. Thus, a new classification adopting the BE composing elements (physical elements, layout, access/surveillance systems, safety/security management) as key-factors is provided. Features, dependencies and coordination among them are discussed in a sustainability-based perspective, by showing how the main challenges for RMRSs’ design concern applicability, redundancy, and users’ emergency support. Safety/security management strategies have the overall highest sustainability level and play a pivotal role with respect to the other BE composing elements, which should be planned in reference to them. In addition, a human-centred approach (individuals’ interactions with BEs and RMRSs) will also be needed. These results will support efforts to include simulation-oriented approaches into RMRSs selection, effectiveness and feasibility analyses.

ACS Style

Enrico Quagliarini; Fabio Fatiguso; Michele Lucesoli; Gabriele Bernardini; Elena Cantatore. Risk Reduction Strategies against Terrorist Acts in Urban Built Environments: Towards Sustainable and Human-Centred Challenges. Sustainability 2021, 13, 901 .

AMA Style

Enrico Quagliarini, Fabio Fatiguso, Michele Lucesoli, Gabriele Bernardini, Elena Cantatore. Risk Reduction Strategies against Terrorist Acts in Urban Built Environments: Towards Sustainable and Human-Centred Challenges. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):901.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrico Quagliarini; Fabio Fatiguso; Michele Lucesoli; Gabriele Bernardini; Elena Cantatore. 2021. "Risk Reduction Strategies against Terrorist Acts in Urban Built Environments: Towards Sustainable and Human-Centred Challenges." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 901.

Conference paper
Published: 08 December 2020 in Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The Built Environment (BE), intended as a network of buildings, infrastructures, and open spaces, has to ensure adequate safety levels to its users in disasters that are unpredictable and quickly appear (SUdden-Onset Disasters-SUODs, e.g., earthquakes, terroristic attacks), as well as in those that emerge gradually over time (SLow-Onset Disasters-SLODs, e.g., climate-change related, pollution, and heat waves). Recent events have underlined the low BE resilience, evidencing the main limitations of current risk-mitigation and prevention solutions, i.e., underestimation of user-centered factors (users’ typologies, crowding, behaviors, others); building-centered strategies excluding neighboring open spaces and correlations between interconnected BEs; ignoring the SUODs–SLODs combination. To face these issues, the Italian PRIN (Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale) BE S2ECURe “Built Environment Safer in Slow and Emergency Conditions through behavioUral assessed/designed Resilient solutions” (supported by MIUR- the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research) intends to develop methods, tools, and guidelines to assess the BE resilience, promote risk-mitigation strategies design, and increase users’ risk awareness by using a holistic user-centered and cross-hazard approach. In this context, BE S2ECURe will take advantages of modeling technologies to represent, classify, and simulate the BE-users system (i.e., based on behavioral simulation models, BIM technologies), as well as promote users’ and stakeholders’ awareness through training solutions (i.e., based on virtual and augmented reality techniques). This work gives origin, objectives, and organization of the project, by underlining the impacts of the innovative approach to BE resilience.

ACS Style

Enrico Quagliarini; Edoardo Currà; Fabio Fatiguso; Giovanni Mochi; Graziano Salvalai. Resilient and User-Centered Solutions for a Safer Built Environment Against Sudden and Slow Onset Disasters: The BE S2ECURe Project. Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes 2020, 309 -319.

AMA Style

Enrico Quagliarini, Edoardo Currà, Fabio Fatiguso, Giovanni Mochi, Graziano Salvalai. Resilient and User-Centered Solutions for a Safer Built Environment Against Sudden and Slow Onset Disasters: The BE S2ECURe Project. Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes. 2020; ():309-319.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrico Quagliarini; Edoardo Currà; Fabio Fatiguso; Giovanni Mochi; Graziano Salvalai. 2020. "Resilient and User-Centered Solutions for a Safer Built Environment Against Sudden and Slow Onset Disasters: The BE S2ECURe Project." Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes , no. : 309-319.

Conference paper
Published: 08 December 2020 in Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Resilience of the built environment is a primary issue to provide the citizens users a high-quality environment and livable cities. The aim of this research is to identify the Built Environment (BE) typologies prone to the Slow Onset Disasters (SLODs), in Italian cities. A SLOD can be defined as an uninterrupted, gradual or variable, low intensity and high frequency event that generates a negative effect on population, which on the long term can generate significant health and environmental decay. The results of the research have demonstrated that some SLODs type are more impacting within the built environment: the air pollution concentration and the increasing temperatures. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that some urban archetypes: the piazza, piazzale and the urban canyon are more prone to produce negative effects on the population through amplification of the consequences of the exposure to the SLODs. The article concludes with some insights (solar radiation and wind tunneling analysis) on the most critical architypes, for understanding better how they perform under specific conditions. This research, within the context of the Italian research project (PRIN) BE S2ECURe, is to be intended as the first step towards the definition of a method for assessment of the effects of the SLODs risk on a specific part of the city.

ACS Style

Graziano Salvalai; Nicola Moretti; Juan Diego Blanco Cadena; Enrico Quagliarini. SLow Onset Disaster Events Factors in Italian Built Environment Archetypes. Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes 2020, 333 -343.

AMA Style

Graziano Salvalai, Nicola Moretti, Juan Diego Blanco Cadena, Enrico Quagliarini. SLow Onset Disaster Events Factors in Italian Built Environment Archetypes. Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes. 2020; ():333-343.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Graziano Salvalai; Nicola Moretti; Juan Diego Blanco Cadena; Enrico Quagliarini. 2020. "SLow Onset Disaster Events Factors in Italian Built Environment Archetypes." Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes , no. : 333-343.

Conference paper
Published: 08 December 2020 in Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The design of resilient Built Environments (BEs) against disasters should consider human behaviors in emergency conditions as a key factor. The disaster impact on BE can lead people to be potentially exposed to additional risks because of “wrong” behaviors adoption. This aspect is mainly relevant for sudden-onset events, characterized by unpredictability and quick arising of effects. In this sense, earthquakes represent critical events. Although civil defense bodies provide behavioral guidelines to reduce the number of injuries and victims in case of such disaster, individuals generally seem to not follow such rules due to their interactions among them and with the BE. Studying and predicting behaviors in the first emergency phases (i.e., evacuation) represent the first step in developing risk-mitigating solutions and improving users’ preparedness. This work provides a literary review of sustainable technologies to this end, to detect if and how they could be considered reliable tools to inquire about human behaviors. Two main available and consolidated sources are analyzed. Videotapes of real-world events are traditionally used to develop evacuation model. Recent works introduced Virtual Reality (VR)-based activities to replicate earthquake conditions in different BEs (including stimuli like smokes, ground shaking), analyze individuals’ reactions in immersive drills, and provide a “learn-by-doing” approach to tested people. Anyway, most of these VR approaches shows simplifications of possible users’ choices. Verifications of real-world-VR environment differences in behaviors are also needed. These novel tools will sensibly speed up researches in terms of time and quality by reducing costs and ensuring replicability if this limitation will be effectively overcome.

ACS Style

Enrico Quagliarini; M. Lucesoli; Gabriele Bernardini. Understanding Human Behaviors in Earthquakes to Improve Safety in Built Environment: A State of the Art on Sustainable and Validated Investigation Tools. Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes 2020, 297 -307.

AMA Style

Enrico Quagliarini, M. Lucesoli, Gabriele Bernardini. Understanding Human Behaviors in Earthquakes to Improve Safety in Built Environment: A State of the Art on Sustainable and Validated Investigation Tools. Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes. 2020; ():297-307.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrico Quagliarini; M. Lucesoli; Gabriele Bernardini. 2020. "Understanding Human Behaviors in Earthquakes to Improve Safety in Built Environment: A State of the Art on Sustainable and Validated Investigation Tools." Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes , no. : 297-307.

Conference paper
Published: 08 December 2020 in Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The impact of the users’ behavior on the building performance is largely recognized, especially considering most of common building operation and management (O&M) tasks. Predictions of human-building interactions are essential to improve building efficiency by decreasing wastes and costs connected to O&M while satisfying the comfort level required by the occupants. At this regard, building technological systems, which status depends on the users’ movement inside the buildings, like elevators, represent one of the critical spots, especially in high-density buildings. According to a “user-centered” approach, this paper moves toward the assessment of behavioral drivers which can influence the use of elevators in public buildings to define a probability use model useful to set specific maintenance policies. In situ evaluations are performed in a university building, where flows of people are highly dependent on the indoor activities scheduled, as lessons. A multinomial logit model for the probability of elevators’ use is built depending on factors such as: floors number, movement in group, direction (upwards, downwards). Users’ fruition patterns in the university building are detected using eye-tracking techniques and questionnaires. Results show how the elevators’ use probability increases when the number of floors to cross increases, also because of perceived movement comfort, while individuals’ attention is mainly affected by posters and signage systems placed along the way. The model could be implemented in building simulation models, to predict the elevators use during the time under different circumstances, hence to optimize related O&M measures.

ACS Style

Gabriele Bernardini; Elisa Di Giuseppe; Marco D’Orazio; Enrico Quagliarini. Occupants’ Behavioral Analysis for the Optimization of Building Operation and Maintenance: A Case Study to Improve the Use of Elevators in a University Building. Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes 2020, 207 -217.

AMA Style

Gabriele Bernardini, Elisa Di Giuseppe, Marco D’Orazio, Enrico Quagliarini. Occupants’ Behavioral Analysis for the Optimization of Building Operation and Maintenance: A Case Study to Improve the Use of Elevators in a University Building. Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes. 2020; ():207-217.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gabriele Bernardini; Elisa Di Giuseppe; Marco D’Orazio; Enrico Quagliarini. 2020. "Occupants’ Behavioral Analysis for the Optimization of Building Operation and Maintenance: A Case Study to Improve the Use of Elevators in a University Building." Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes , no. : 207-217.

Journal article
Published: 29 November 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The paper presents the results of an experimental campaign aimed at investigating the in-plane and out-of-plane behavior of tuff and fired clay brick masonry panels reinforced by a commercial, not yet tested, Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) system. The TRM, consisting of hydraulic lime mortar coupled with a bidirectional glass fabric (total thickness of 30 mm), was applied on both sides of the panels and connected through stainless-steel helical bars. First, a mechanical characterization of the TRM system was carried out, according to recent guidelines (AC434 and CNR-DT215) by means of tensile tests and single-shear bond tests on the two different substrates. Then, the effectiveness of the reinforcement was investigated through uniaxial compression, diagonal compression and three-point bending tests on masonry panels. After that, experimental results were compared to the predictions of recent guidelines and analytical models available in the literature, by using the mechanical parameters obtained from the TRM mechanical characterization. TRM showed to be very effective in increasing the in-plane shear strength of tuff panels, of about 170%, whereas in the case of fired clay brick ones the increase was limited to 33%. Besides, the diagonal compression strength of reinforced specimens seemed to be strongly influenced by the mortar matrix, instead of by the fabric reinforcement, as it usually happens i.e. for Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) systems. Thus, novel simplified analytical formulations to predict the shear strength of reinforced panels by only considering the contribution of the TRM matrix were provided, discussed and compared to current analytical approaches for FRCM systems. As regards the out-of-plane behavior, the TRM system significantly increased the out-of-plane bending strength and ductility of both tuff and fired clay brick panels. The applicability of current analytical approaches, as well as possible amendments, was also investigated. Finally, the compressive behavior of the walls was not substantially modified by the reinforcement, reasonably due to the low axial stiffness of the connectors and, to a minor extent, because they were dry inserted within the masonry and simply folded over the glass fabric.

ACS Style

Jacopo Donnini; Gianluca Maracchini; Stefano Lenci; Valeria Corinaldesi; Enrico Quagliarini. TRM reinforced tuff and fired clay brick masonry: Experimental and analytical investigation on their in-plane and out-of-plane behavior. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 272, 121643 .

AMA Style

Jacopo Donnini, Gianluca Maracchini, Stefano Lenci, Valeria Corinaldesi, Enrico Quagliarini. TRM reinforced tuff and fired clay brick masonry: Experimental and analytical investigation on their in-plane and out-of-plane behavior. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 272 ():121643.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacopo Donnini; Gianluca Maracchini; Stefano Lenci; Valeria Corinaldesi; Enrico Quagliarini. 2020. "TRM reinforced tuff and fired clay brick masonry: Experimental and analytical investigation on their in-plane and out-of-plane behavior." Construction and Building Materials 272, no. : 121643.

Preprint content
Published: 25 September 2020
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Crowds in buildings open to the public can alter the occupants’ safety in different emergency conditions, including those related to a pandemic. In this sense, university buildings are one of the most relevant scenarios in which the COVID-19 event clearly pointed out the stakeholders’ needs toward safety issues, especially because of the possibility of day-to-day presences of the same users (i.e. students, teachers) and overcrowding causing long-lasting contacts with possible “infectors” in such closed environments. While waiting for the vaccine, as for other public buildings, policy-makers’ measures to limit (second) virus outbreaks combine individual’s strategies (facial masks), occupants’ capacity and access control to avoid lockdowns and ensure adequate conditions for occupants. Simulators could support effectiveness evaluations of such measures. To fill this gap, this work proposes a quick and probabilistic simulation model based on consolidated proximity and exposure-time-based rules for virus transmission (confirmed by international health organizations). The building occupancy is defined according to university schedule, identifying the main “attraction areas” in the building (classrooms, break-areas). Scenarios are defined in terms of occupants’ densities, mitigation strategies, virus-related aspects. The model is calibrated on experimental data and applied to a relevant university building. Results demonstrate the model capabilities. In the case study, occupants’ capacity limitation could support the adoption of surgical masks by users instead of FFPk masks (thus improving users’ comfort issues). Preliminary correlations to combine acceptable mask filters-occupants’ density are proposed to support stakeholders in organizing users’ presences in the building during the pandemic.

ACS Style

Marco D'orazio; Gabriele Bernardini; Enrico Quagliarini. A probabilistic model to evaluate the effectiveness of main solutions to COVID-19 spreading in university buildings according to proximity and time-based consolidated criteria. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Marco D'orazio, Gabriele Bernardini, Enrico Quagliarini. A probabilistic model to evaluate the effectiveness of main solutions to COVID-19 spreading in university buildings according to proximity and time-based consolidated criteria. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco D'orazio; Gabriele Bernardini; Enrico Quagliarini. 2020. "A probabilistic model to evaluate the effectiveness of main solutions to COVID-19 spreading in university buildings according to proximity and time-based consolidated criteria." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 26 August 2020 in Journal of Cultural Heritage
Reads 0
Downloads 0

As well as valuable Building Heritage, hypogeum scenarios often host artefacts such as i.e. graffiti, paintings or low reliefs, but differently to them, they are characterized by very particular microclimatic conditions due to their isolation from the outdoor environment. This way, they are very susceptible to human impact due to visitors’ fruition that can cause or accelerate degradation processes. Strategies for preventive conservation of Cultural Heritage should balance Heritage conservation (i.e. building materials and surfaces, hosted goods and chattels) and public access (i.e. visitors’ fruition). In these scenarios, preventive conservation strategies are based on the definition of both interventions on technical installations (to restore or improve indoor environment conditions) and operative models for sustainable fruition (to diminish the impact of stressors on the Heritage). Combining such strategies is not viable in hypogeum environments, which can be hardly equipped by technical systems. To face with such issues, this work proposes a novel strategy for Heritage conservation inside hypogeum environments based on the joint combination between environment microclimatic characterization and visitors’ impact definition. The proposed strategy has been developed and tested on a significant case of study: Palazzo Campana's hypogeum (Osimo, Italy). This hypogeum is a typical example of man-made underground structure characterized by sandstone walls carved in artistic value high-reliefs. Currently, its walls have been becoming very friable and subsequently their surfaces have been exposing to harsh deterioration phenomena. The strategy firstly includes indoor temperature and relative humidity long-term monitoring by means of a real-time widespread sensors system, so as to evaluate microclimatic conditions and its admissible gradients. A novel visitors’ admissible impact is defined on these data, by considering visiting time and numbers of visitors so as to not alter the indoor climate conditions. Visitors’ access tests are then carried out to confirm the proposed visitors’ admissible impact. Results demonstrate the capability of the proposed combined strategies and the possible extension to other Heritage scenarios to reduce the impact of direct interventions and improve preservation aspects.

ACS Style

Marco D’Orazio; Enrico Quagliarini; Gabriele Bernardini; Benedetta Gregorini; Andrea Gianangeli. Sustainable fruition as a preventive conservation strategy for hypogeum artefacts. Journal of Cultural Heritage 2020, 46, 235 -243.

AMA Style

Marco D’Orazio, Enrico Quagliarini, Gabriele Bernardini, Benedetta Gregorini, Andrea Gianangeli. Sustainable fruition as a preventive conservation strategy for hypogeum artefacts. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2020; 46 ():235-243.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco D’Orazio; Enrico Quagliarini; Gabriele Bernardini; Benedetta Gregorini; Andrea Gianangeli. 2020. "Sustainable fruition as a preventive conservation strategy for hypogeum artefacts." Journal of Cultural Heritage 46, no. : 235-243.

Journal article
Published: 22 May 2020 in Materials
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Invisible orthodontic aligners (IOAs) have been introduced in the orthodontic field as an innovative alternative for fixed brackets, in relation to their ability to be easily inserted/removed from the oral cavity without affecting the chewing ability and the aesthetic of the patients. The paper provides a complete physicochemical and mechanical characterization of thermoplastic materials in the form of disks used for commercial IOAs. A wide palette of specific techniques is considered, from tensile tests and dynamic-mechanical analysis, to X-Ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) analyses and water absorption tests. The disks are investigated before and after immersion into staining beverages (red wine, coffee, nicotine and artificial saliva), in terms of colour variations, transparency, and microscopic surface modifications by means of colorimetry, UV-VIS absorbance and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Among all the samples, polyurethane (PU) exhibited the highest crystallinity and the highest values of mechanical and thermal resistance, while the poly(ethylene terephthalate)-glycol (PETG) samples presented better transparency and less ability to absorb water. Moreover, red wine and coffee give noticeable colour variations after 14 days of immersion, together with a slight reduction of transparency.

ACS Style

Valeria Daniele; Ludovico Macera; Giuliana Taglieri; Alessandra Di Giambattista; Giuseppe Spagnoli; Alessandra Massaria; Massimo Messori; Enrico Quagliarini; Gianluca Chiappini; Vincenzo Campanella; Stefano Mummolo; Enrico Marchetti; Giuseppe Marzo; Vincenzo Quinzi. Thermoplastic Disks Used for Commercial Orthodontic Aligners: Complete Physicochemical and Mechanical Characterization. Materials 2020, 13, 2386 .

AMA Style

Valeria Daniele, Ludovico Macera, Giuliana Taglieri, Alessandra Di Giambattista, Giuseppe Spagnoli, Alessandra Massaria, Massimo Messori, Enrico Quagliarini, Gianluca Chiappini, Vincenzo Campanella, Stefano Mummolo, Enrico Marchetti, Giuseppe Marzo, Vincenzo Quinzi. Thermoplastic Disks Used for Commercial Orthodontic Aligners: Complete Physicochemical and Mechanical Characterization. Materials. 2020; 13 (10):2386.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Valeria Daniele; Ludovico Macera; Giuliana Taglieri; Alessandra Di Giambattista; Giuseppe Spagnoli; Alessandra Massaria; Massimo Messori; Enrico Quagliarini; Gianluca Chiappini; Vincenzo Campanella; Stefano Mummolo; Enrico Marchetti; Giuseppe Marzo; Vincenzo Quinzi. 2020. "Thermoplastic Disks Used for Commercial Orthodontic Aligners: Complete Physicochemical and Mechanical Characterization." Materials 13, no. 10: 2386.