Introduction: Adverse events in hospitals are prevented through risk reduction and reliable processes. Highly reliable hospitals are grounded by a robust patient safety culture with effective communication, leadership, teamwork, error reporting, continuous improvement, and organizational learning. Although hospitals regularly measure their patient safety culture for strengths and weaknesses, there have been no systematic reviews with meta-analyses reported from Latin America. Purpose: Our systematic review aims to produce evidence about the status of patient safety culture in Latin American hospitals from studies using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC). Methods: This systematic review was guided by the JBI guidelines for evidence synthesis. Four databases were systematically searched for studies from 2011 to 2021 originating in Latin America. Studies identified for inclusion were assessed for methodological quality and risk of bias. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including meta-analysis for professional subgroups and meta-regression for subgroup effect, were calculated. Results: In total, 30 studies from five countries—Argentina (1), Brazil (22), Colombia (3), Mexico (3), and Peru (1)—were included in the review, with 10,915 participants, consisting primarily of nursing staff (93%). The HSOPSC dimensions most positive for patient safety culture were “organizational learning: continuous improvement” and “teamwork within units”, while the least positive were “nonpunitive response to error” and “staffing”. Overall, there was a low positive perception (48%) of patient safety culture as a global measure (95% CI, 44.53–51.60), and a significant difference was observed for physicians who had a higher positive perception than nurses (59.84; 95% CI, 56.02–63.66). Conclusions: Patient safety culture is a relatively unknown or unmeasured concept in most Latin American countries. Health professional programs need to build patient safety content into curriculums with an emphasis on developing skills in communication, leadership, and teamwork. Despite international accreditation penetration in the region, there were surprisingly few studies from countries with accredited hospitals. Patient safety culture needs to be a priority for hospitals in Latin America through health policies requiring annual assessments to identify weaknesses for quality improvement initiatives.

The objective of this study is to understand the practices of indigenous caregivers in the context of cultural change. Part of the idea of the need to build ethnographic bases that serve as inputs for the implementation of cross-cultural health and cross-cultural nursing approaches, as well as part of the evidence that facilitates health practices, based on competent descriptions that help to understand the cultural diversity of human populations. The methodological approach was carried out from qualitative research, with an ethnographic approach, combining documentary review and semi-structured interviews with 44 people. Codes were identified, grouped into subcategories and categories. Several types of caregivers were found, of which the traditional doctor and the midwife were considered relevant. Their practices are based on knowledge of the material and spiritual dimension, among which the use of medicinal plants, prayer, dream interpretation and collective ceremonies is highlighted. In addition, their work depends on social recognition, caregiver status and role in social organization. Intercultural models must consider caregivers, within the framework of strategies based on the dialogue of knowledge and participation. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender las prácticas de los cuidadores indígenas en contexto de cambio cultural. Parte de la idea de la necesidad de construir bases etnográficas que sirvan de insumos para la implementación de los enfoques de salud intercultural y enfermería transcultural, así como parte de la evidencia que facilite las prácticas de salud, a partir de descripciones competentes que ayuden a comprender la diversidad cultural de las poblaciones humanas. El abordaje metodológico se realizó desde la investigación cualitativa, con enfoque etnográfico, combinando revisión documental y entrevistas semiestructuradas a 44 personas. Se identificaron códigos, agrupados en subcategorías y categorías. Se encontraron varios tipos de cuidadores, de los cuales, se consideraron relevantes el médico tradicional y la partera. Sus prácticas se basan en saberes de la dimensión material y espiritual, entre las que se destaca el uso de plantas medicinales, rezo, interpretación de los sueños y ceremonias colectivas. Además, su labor depende del reconocimiento social, estatus del cuidador y rol en la organización social. Los modelos interculturales deben tener en cuenta a los cuidadores, en el marco de estrategias basadas en el diálogo de saberes y la participación. Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender as práticas de cuidadores indígenas no contexto de mudança cultural. Parte da ideia da necessidade de construir bases etnográficas que sirvam de subsídios para a implementação de abordagens interculturais de saúde e enfermagem transcultural, bem como parte das evidências que facilitem as práticas de saúde, a partir de descrições competentes que ajudem a compreender a diversidade cultural das populações humanas. A abordagem metodológica foi realizada a partir de pesquisa qualitativa, com abordagem etnográfica, combinando revisão documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas com 44 pessoas. Os códigos foram identificados, agrupados em subcategorías e categorias. Foram encontrados vários tipos de cuidadores, dos quais o médico tradicional e a parteira foram considerados relevantes. Suas práticas são baseadas no conhecimento da dimensão material e espiritual, entre as quais se destacam o uso de plantas medicinais, oração, interpretação de sonhos e cerimônias coletivas. Além disso, seu trabalho depende de reconhecimento social, status do cuidador e papel na organização social. Os modelos interculturais devem levar em consideração os cuidadores, no marco de estratégias baseadas no diálogo de conhecimento e participação.

Studies directed to investigate ecological parameters of mosquitoes populations allows to establish the risk of vector borne diseases transmission and to bring recommendations for health authorities about prevention, surveillance and control. We report some ecological aspects of mosquitoes populations in a region of Colombia. Quarterly sampling was done. For mosquito catching CDC and Shannon traps were used. Diversity and abundance indexes estimation was done. A total of 1071 mosquitoes belonging to four genera and 10 species were collected. The most abundant species were Cx quinquefasciatus (22.6%), Ae. aegypti (20.08%), Ae. scapularis (12.3%), Ae. angustivittatus (9%) and An. albimanus (8.0%). The finding of Cx pedroi, Ae. scapularis ,, Cx. nigripalpus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. declarator, Ma. titillans , and Ps. ferox previously reported as arbovirus vectors warns about the possibility of transmission in the zone and the finding of An. albimanus , also warns about the risk for malaria transmission in the area.