Rapid increases in energy demand and international drive to reduce carbon emissions from fossil fuels have led many oil-rich countries to diversify their energy portfolio and resources. Libya is one of these countries, and it has recently become interested in utilizing its renewable-energy resources in order to reduce financial and energy dependency on oil reserves. This paper introduces an original multicriteria decision-making Pairwise-CODAS model in which the modification of the CODAS method was made using Linguistic Neutrosophic Numbers (LNN). The paper also suggests a new LNN Pairwise (LNN PW) model for determining the weight coefficients of the criteria developed by the authors. By integrating these models with linguistic neutrosophic numbers, it was shown that it is possible to a significant extent to eliminate subjective qualitative assessments and assumptions by decision makers in complex decision-making conditions. The LNN PW-CODAS model was tested and validated in a case study of the selection of optimal Power-Generation Technology (PGT) in Libya. Testing of the model showed that the proposed model based on linguistic neutrosophic numbers provides objective expert evaluation by eliminating subjective assessments when determining the numerical values of criteria. A sensitivity analysis of the LNN PW-CODAS model, carried out through 68 scenarios of changes in the weight coefficients, showed a high degree of stability of the solutions obtained in the ranking of the alternatives. The results were validated by comparison with LNN extensions of four multicriteria decision-making models.

The process of construction and exploitation of a building passes through the preparation phase, the construction phase and the exploitation phase. Each of these phases involves the selection of criteria and decision making, with the aim...

Belgrade’s urban transformations largely mirror the Master Plan of Belgrade 2021 and the consequent detailed regulation plans, consistent with the national Law on Planning and Construction. A major negative consequence of contemporary urban transformations in Belgrade’s central compact blocks is a failure to create common public or semi-public areas in the center of the blocks, and a complete disregard to their importance. Any transformation in the future needs not only to correspond to the needs of citizens, but meet them on a larger scale, too, while creating an optimal ratio between sustainable development and maximum economic benefits for property owners, the city and the state. Only a good balance between these parameters can create the best possible conditions for growth. It can protect the city against heavy dependence on developers, and allow property owners to invest and save their urban units.