In this paper, a review is carried out of how 3D printing helps to improve the fabrication of microfluidic devices, the 3D printing technologies currently used for fabrication and the future of 3D printing in the field of microfluidics.

Detection of trivalent chromium with screen printed electrodes modified by chitosan–gold nanocomposites using differential pulse voltammetry (DPSV), showing a linear range from 1 to 100 μM and a detection limit of 0.4 μM (based on 3 σ ).

We developed an electrochemical cell based on all graphite pencil electrodes (GPEs) for the detection of capsaicin. The cell produced a larger detection range of 0.1–100 μM compared to other reported studies, which is necessary for real sample testing. In addition, the cell was adopted for the analysis of capsaicinoid contents in chili powder and sauces bought from the supermarket. Through data processing by principal component analysis (PCA) and k-means clustering, it is possible to differentiate between the different brands of chili sauce. The low-cost and small construction of the cell may lead to a portable electronic tongue for on-site analysis of chili products.