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Dr. Laura Moretti
Sapienza Univeristy of Rome Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineeering

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Road pavements
0 Pavement Management System(PMS)
0 airport safety
0 life cycle analysis
0 Tunnel lighting

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Road pavements
Vulnerable users
life cycle analysis
Tunnel lighting
Pavement Management System(PMS)
airport safety

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Journal article
Published: 17 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) scheduling for airport pavement is supported by the scientific literature, while a specific tool for heliport pavements lacks. A heliport pavement management system (HPMS) allows the infrastructure manager to obtain benefits in technical and economic terms, as well as safety and efficiency, during the analyzed period. Structure and rationale of the APSM could be replicated and simplified to implement a HPMS because movements of rotary-wing aircrafts have less complexity than fixed-wing ones and have lower mechanical effects on the pavement. In this study, an innovative pavement condition index-based HPMS has been proposed and implemented to rigid and flexible surfaces of the airport of Vergiate (province of Varese, Italy), and two twenty-year M&R plans have been developed, where the results from reactive and proactive approaches have been compared to identify the best strategy in terms of costs and pavement level of service. The result obtained shows that although the loads and traffic of rotary-wing aircrafts are limited, the adoption of PMS is also necessary in the heliport environment.

ACS Style

Paola Di Mascio; Alessio Antonini; Piero Narciso; Antonio Greto; Marco Cipriani; Laura Moretti. Proposal and Implementation of a Heliport Pavement Management System: Technical and Economic Comparison of Maintenance Strategies. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9201 .

AMA Style

Paola Di Mascio, Alessio Antonini, Piero Narciso, Antonio Greto, Marco Cipriani, Laura Moretti. Proposal and Implementation of a Heliport Pavement Management System: Technical and Economic Comparison of Maintenance Strategies. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9201.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paola Di Mascio; Alessio Antonini; Piero Narciso; Antonio Greto; Marco Cipriani; Laura Moretti. 2021. "Proposal and Implementation of a Heliport Pavement Management System: Technical and Economic Comparison of Maintenance Strategies." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9201.

Journal article
Published: 11 May 2021 in Infrastructures
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Although the design of jointed plain concrete pavements could be solved by commercial software, there is still a need for simple tools to be used in feasibility studies and preliminary cost–benefit analyses. This paper analyzed and verified jointed plain concrete pavements for airports composed of square slabs without tie and dowel bars. The examined slabs are laid on a cement-treated base layer and a stabilized granular subbase layer. The finite element software FAARFIELD was used to design the JPCP pavements when they are subjected to the design of the airplane (i.e., turboprop C-130J Hercules) under different conditions. Seven subgrade load bearing capacity values, twenty traffic levels, and two construction hypotheses (i.e., constant or variable thickness of the two deeper layers) were designed and then verified with the Westergaard theory in order to present a proposal for a catalogue. Finally, the construction cost per unit surface area was calculated for different construction methods of paving (by slip form paver or by fixed form). The obtained results provide a simple and fast procedure to design preliminary airport JPCPs.

ACS Style

Paola Di Mascio; Alberto De Rubeis; Claudio De Marchis; Antonello Germinario; Giovanni Metta; Rosario Salzillo; Laura Moretti. Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements in Airports: Structural–Economic Evaluation and Proposal for a Catalogue. Infrastructures 2021, 6, 73 .

AMA Style

Paola Di Mascio, Alberto De Rubeis, Claudio De Marchis, Antonello Germinario, Giovanni Metta, Rosario Salzillo, Laura Moretti. Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements in Airports: Structural–Economic Evaluation and Proposal for a Catalogue. Infrastructures. 2021; 6 (5):73.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paola Di Mascio; Alberto De Rubeis; Claudio De Marchis; Antonello Germinario; Giovanni Metta; Rosario Salzillo; Laura Moretti. 2021. "Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements in Airports: Structural–Economic Evaluation and Proposal for a Catalogue." Infrastructures 6, no. 5: 73.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2021 in Materials
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In recent years, nanotechnology has sparked an interest in nanomodification of bituminous materials to increase the viscosity of asphalt binders and improves the rutting and fatigue resistance of asphalt mixtures. This paper presents the experimental results of laboratory tests on bituminous mixtures laid on a 1052 m-long test section built in Rome, Italy. Four asphalt mixtures for wearing and binder layer were considered: two polymer modified asphalt concretes (the former modified with the additive Superplast and the latter modified with styrene–butadiene–styrene), a “hard” graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) modified asphalt concrete and a not-modified mixture. The indirect tensile strength, water sensitivity, stiffness modulus, and fatigue resistance of the mixtures were tested and compared. A statistical analysis based on the results has shown that the mixtures with GNPs have higher mechanical performances than the others: GNP could significantly improve the tested mechanical performances; further studies will be carried out to investigate its effect on rutting and skid resistance.

ACS Style

Laura Moretti; Nico Fabrizi; Nicola Fiore; Antonio D’Andrea. Mechanical Characteristics of Graphene Nanoplatelets-Modified Asphalt Mixes: A Comparison with Polymer- and Not-Modified Asphalt Mixes. Materials 2021, 14, 2434 .

AMA Style

Laura Moretti, Nico Fabrizi, Nicola Fiore, Antonio D’Andrea. Mechanical Characteristics of Graphene Nanoplatelets-Modified Asphalt Mixes: A Comparison with Polymer- and Not-Modified Asphalt Mixes. Materials. 2021; 14 (9):2434.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Moretti; Nico Fabrizi; Nicola Fiore; Antonio D’Andrea. 2021. "Mechanical Characteristics of Graphene Nanoplatelets-Modified Asphalt Mixes: A Comparison with Polymer- and Not-Modified Asphalt Mixes." Materials 14, no. 9: 2434.

Journal article
Published: 10 March 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Air traffic controllers aim to optimize airport capacity, that is to increase the number of aircraft movements per hour maintaining a limited delay. There are several definitions of capacity, which depend on the considered airport element. This study focused on the development of a method that allows evaluating the impact of tower air traffic controllers’ workload on airport capacity. It adapts a model for the workload of sector controllers designed by Eurocontrol to tower controllers and tests it on a heavily busy international airport. In order to collect controllers’ working times, a campaign of data collection has been carried out from the radio frequency occupation. The results allowed us to extrapolate the hourly percentage of work of the various tower controllers using a fast-time simulation software. By imposing an hourly working threshold on tower air traffic controllers, it was possible to obtain a maximum number of manageable aircraft, which was compared with the airside capacity of the airport. The results show that the maximum traffic manageable from the airside would produce unacceptable workload for tower controllers, highlighting the link between airport capacity and the human component.

ACS Style

Paola Di Mascio; Riccardo Carrara; Luca Frasacco; Eleonora Luciano; Andrea Ponziani; Laura Moretti. How the Tower Air Traffic Controller Workload Influences the Capacity in a Complex Three-Runway Airport. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2807 .

AMA Style

Paola Di Mascio, Riccardo Carrara, Luca Frasacco, Eleonora Luciano, Andrea Ponziani, Laura Moretti. How the Tower Air Traffic Controller Workload Influences the Capacity in a Complex Three-Runway Airport. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (6):2807.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paola Di Mascio; Riccardo Carrara; Luca Frasacco; Eleonora Luciano; Andrea Ponziani; Laura Moretti. 2021. "How the Tower Air Traffic Controller Workload Influences the Capacity in a Complex Three-Runway Airport." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6: 2807.

Journal article
Published: 03 March 2021 in Infrastructures
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Cycling for transportation is an important resource to reduce urban traffic congestion, enhance personal health, reduce energy consumption, and improve air quality, and the safety of cyclists in the cities is becoming a topic of growing interest. As shown in the literature, an important number of cyclist fatalities is due to road crashes occurring at urban intersections. This study combines a probabilistic and a damage model to perform a risk analysis for the collisions between motor vehicles and bicycles in the merging and diverging conflict points of a single-lane conventional roundabout with four arms, characterized by a permanent traffic flow. The probabilistic model is based on Poisson’s law and is aimed to measure the probability of a collision between bikes and motor vehicles within the elementary unit of exposure in each conflict point of the roundabout. The damage model exploits the reaction time of a road user to avoid a collision and has been built to develop a danger classification for the conflict points. The goal of this study is then to estimate the so-called risk of collision at the roundabout, to compare different possible layouts for various traffic volumes with increasing bike flows and geometric configurations, and to identify the most effective solutions to improve safety for cyclists. The results demonstrate the risk reduction given by a roundabike compared to a standard layout where cyclists and motor vehicles share the circulatory roadway. Therefore, the study here presented could help road managers to implement mitigation strategies taking into consideration both geometric and functional constraints.

ACS Style

Giuseppe Cantisani; Claudio Durastanti; Laura Moretti. Cyclists at Roundabouts: Risk Analysis and Rational Criteria for Choosing Safer Layouts. Infrastructures 2021, 6, 34 .

AMA Style

Giuseppe Cantisani, Claudio Durastanti, Laura Moretti. Cyclists at Roundabouts: Risk Analysis and Rational Criteria for Choosing Safer Layouts. Infrastructures. 2021; 6 (3):34.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuseppe Cantisani; Claudio Durastanti; Laura Moretti. 2021. "Cyclists at Roundabouts: Risk Analysis and Rational Criteria for Choosing Safer Layouts." Infrastructures 6, no. 3: 34.

Journal article
Published: 04 December 2020 in Infrastructures
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At the international level, the interest in airport capacity is growing in the last years because its maximization ensures the best performances of the infrastructure. However, infrastructure, procedure, human factor constraints should be considered to ensure a safe and regular flow to the flights. This paper analyzed the airport capacity of an airport with two crossing runways. The fast time simulation allowed modeling the baseline scenario (current traffic volume and composition) and six operative scenarios; for each scenario, the traffic was increased until double the current volume. The obtained results in terms of average delay and throughput were analyzed to identify the best performing and operative layout and the most suitable to manage increasing hourly movements within the threshold delay of 10 min. The obtained results refer to the specific examined layout, and all input data were provided by the airport management body: the results are reliable, and the pursued approach could be implemented to different airports.

ACS Style

Paola Di Mascio; Laura Moretti. Hourly Capacity of a Two Crossing Runway Airport. Infrastructures 2020, 5, 111 .

AMA Style

Paola Di Mascio, Laura Moretti. Hourly Capacity of a Two Crossing Runway Airport. Infrastructures. 2020; 5 (12):111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paola Di Mascio; Laura Moretti. 2020. "Hourly Capacity of a Two Crossing Runway Airport." Infrastructures 5, no. 12: 111.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2020 in Applied Sciences
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The attention to environmental impacts of cement production has grown fast in recent decades. The cement industry is a significant greenhouse gases emitter mainly due to the calcinations of raw materials and the combustions of fuels. This paper investigates on the environmental performances of cement production and on the identification of factors driving emissions. For this purpose, a sample of 193 different recipes of gray cement produced in Italy from 2014 to 2019 according to the European standard EN 197-1. This paper identifies the consumption impact categories (e.g., fossil fuels, renewable and non-renewable secondary fuels) that explain the assessment of the Global Warming Potential, one of the most crucial impacts of cement production. Having regard to the overall examined dataset and each cement type, a set of predictive models is implemented and evaluated. A similar approach has been adopted to produce accurate predictive models for further environmental impact categories that quantify emissions to air. The obtained results provide important information that can support cement producers to develop low-impacting cement recipes.

ACS Style

Claudio Durastanti; Laura Moretti. Environmental Impacts of Cement Production: A Statistical Analysis. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 8212 .

AMA Style

Claudio Durastanti, Laura Moretti. Environmental Impacts of Cement Production: A Statistical Analysis. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (22):8212.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudio Durastanti; Laura Moretti. 2020. "Environmental Impacts of Cement Production: A Statistical Analysis." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22: 8212.

Journal article
Published: 11 November 2020 in Sustainability
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Runway excursions are the main risk for runway safety: operational protection areas mitigate the effects of events classified as veer-off, overrun, and undershoot. This paper presents a methodology for the quantitative risk assessment of runway veer-off in an international airport whose name will not be revealed for privacy reasons. The proposed methodology is based on similar principles adopted in other aviation risk analyses. The Real Level of Safety (RLS) related to the veer-off accident was calculated through the implementation of a retrospective analysis that permits to define a frequency model, a location model and a consequence model. Instead, Target Level of Safety (TLS) was defined through the risk matrix and acceptability criteria present in the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Safety Management Manual. Finally, the risk of veer-off accidents in the airport under evaluation was determined by using primary data provided by the airport management body. Risk values were calculated in more than 1300 points around the runway and they were used to assess the current level of safety. The authors present a risk map that allows identifying the areas in the strip with the highest risk of a veer-off accident. The obtained results demonstrate that the developed methodology represents a useful tool to define TLS and to assess whether infrastructural and operational modification need to obtain the required level of safety.

ACS Style

Paola Di Mascio; Marco Cosciotti; Raffaella Fusco; Laura Moretti. Runway Veer-Off Risk Analysis: An International Airport Case Study. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9360 .

AMA Style

Paola Di Mascio, Marco Cosciotti, Raffaella Fusco, Laura Moretti. Runway Veer-Off Risk Analysis: An International Airport Case Study. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9360.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paola Di Mascio; Marco Cosciotti; Raffaella Fusco; Laura Moretti. 2020. "Runway Veer-Off Risk Analysis: An International Airport Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9360.

Journal article
Published: 06 November 2020 in Sustainability
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Capacity is the attitude of an airport to manage a number of operations in a given time interval within a fixed maximum delay (and under given safety conditions). Capacity studies are commonly carried out on five levels of analysis according to the required detail in order to identify the best option that balances economic, logistic and safety issues. This study focuses on level 3 (i.e., analytical methods) developing a calculation model to assess the runway capacity. The model was calibrated by comparing the outputs of different airport configurations with those provided by the circular of the Federal Aviation Administration Airport Capacity and Delay. The model was well calibrated with maximum differences in the analyzed configurations that stood at 1 or 2 movements/hour. The runway capacity of an international airport was calculated and compared to that of the entire airside, assessed through fast time simulation, in a previous study. The analytical model provides runway capacity slightly higher than that of the entire air system, as it cannot evaluate all the critical issues present in the airport that reduce its maximum theoretical capacity. Therefore, depending on the degree of detail required, you can use the developed model or the simulation software; the use of the latter is possible when the airside infrastructure does not adequately support the runway system or in cases of advanced design level.

ACS Style

Paola Mascio; Gregorio Rappoli; Laura Moretti. Analytical Method for Calculating Sustainable Airport Capacity. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9239 .

AMA Style

Paola Mascio, Gregorio Rappoli, Laura Moretti. Analytical Method for Calculating Sustainable Airport Capacity. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9239.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paola Mascio; Gregorio Rappoli; Laura Moretti. 2020. "Analytical Method for Calculating Sustainable Airport Capacity." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9239.

Journal article
Published: 22 October 2020 in Sustainability
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The airport terminal is a complex building composed of many functional subsystems dimensioned to host passenger traffic, considering an appropriate level of service (LoS). The most widely known method to assess the LoS and design the terminal areas is the Airport Development Reference Manual by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). Based on this, a calculation tool in Microsoft Excel® was implemented to assess the capacity and dimension of the facilities for each functional subsystem of the terminal. The tool, composed of nine correlated spreadsheets, is a useful model to design new structures, evaluate the LoS currently offered, plan interventions, and face the new rules of passenger distancing due to the COVID-19 emergency. An international airport terminal with 20 million/year including Schengen and extra-Schengen passengers was studied. The LoS of the terminal subsystems was assessed and the areas needed for each subsystem were calculated. In the analyzed case study, most subsystems (departure hall, check-in, boarding gates, baggage claim, and arrival halls) were over-designed, according to the definition of the IATA LoS. This means that available spaces for queues and holding are sufficiently large to easily face the new rules of social distancing for passengers due to the recent COVID-19 emergency.

ACS Style

Paola Di Mascio; Laura Moretti; Massimiliano Piacitelli. Airport Landside Sustainable Capacity and Level of Service of Terminal Functional Subsystems. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8784 .

AMA Style

Paola Di Mascio, Laura Moretti, Massimiliano Piacitelli. Airport Landside Sustainable Capacity and Level of Service of Terminal Functional Subsystems. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8784.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paola Di Mascio; Laura Moretti; Massimiliano Piacitelli. 2020. "Airport Landside Sustainable Capacity and Level of Service of Terminal Functional Subsystems." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8784.

Review
Published: 29 September 2020 in Sustainability
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This article presents a comparative review of the most commonly used nano-additives for bituminous mixtures: nanoclays (NC), nanosilicates, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), nano-calcium oxide (CaO), and nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2). In this study, the mechanical behavior of the obtained additive mixture is evaluated. According to the revised literature, the results strongly depend on type, concentration, and dispersal of used nano-additive. In fact, it has been seen that simple shear mixing followed by sonication homogenizes the distribution of the nanoparticles within the bituminous matrix and favors the bonds’ formation. The viscosity of the mixture of bitumen with nanoparticles improves with the increase of the percentage of additive added: it indicates a potential improvement to permanent deformation and rutting. Another benefit is an increased resistance of the binder to aging. Furthermore, it has been shown that the nanoparticles are able to prolong the service life of a bituminous mixture by means of various interdependent chemical–physical mechanisms that can influence the resistance to fatigue failure or the ability to self-heal. However, the effectiveness of these improvements depends on the particle type, added quantity and mixing technique, and the tests carried out.

ACS Style

Raffaella Fusco; Laura Moretti; Nicola Fiore; Antonio D’Andrea. Behavior Evaluation of Bituminous Mixtures Reinforced with Nano-Sized Additives: A Review. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8044 .

AMA Style

Raffaella Fusco, Laura Moretti, Nicola Fiore, Antonio D’Andrea. Behavior Evaluation of Bituminous Mixtures Reinforced with Nano-Sized Additives: A Review. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):8044.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raffaella Fusco; Laura Moretti; Nicola Fiore; Antonio D’Andrea. 2020. "Behavior Evaluation of Bituminous Mixtures Reinforced with Nano-Sized Additives: A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 8044.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2020 in Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition)
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Home-to-school routes are very sensitive areas: they represent, for children, a learning tool for their everyday activities, but if poorly designed, maintained and equipped they can expose them to traffic risks. Sidewalks’ inappropriate level of service and poor maintenance, especially, are main factors contributing to walking unsuitability, thus to poor comfort and safety levels for young pedestrians, and more in general for all the vulnerable non-motorized road users. This paper deals with a methodology specifically developed to highlight the quality of the urban environment where the home-to-school routes are located, according to four main criteria: wellbeing, usage, appearance, and safety and security. Each criterion is associated with a checklist including the most relevant features to assess, with a focus on maintenance as a key parameter to create safe and comfortable routes to school. An application, a case study in Rome, where the lack of regular maintenance results into a network of unsafe sidewalks, is also presented, analyzing three different areas where a number of schools are located. Detours when approaching school premises were surveyed, due to the levels of distresses and linked to the poor comfort and safety levels. As the mutual influence of built environment over road safety and maintenance requirements for home-to-school paths is not largely investigated thus far, the paper’s goal is to provide advanced knowledge for studies and applications further afield.

ACS Style

Maria Vittoria Corazza; Daniela D'Alessandro; Paola Di Mascio; Laura Moretti. Methodology and evidence from a case study in Rome to increase pedestrian safety along home-to-school routes. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition) 2020, 7, 715 -727.

AMA Style

Maria Vittoria Corazza, Daniela D'Alessandro, Paola Di Mascio, Laura Moretti. Methodology and evidence from a case study in Rome to increase pedestrian safety along home-to-school routes. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition). 2020; 7 (5):715-727.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Vittoria Corazza; Daniela D'Alessandro; Paola Di Mascio; Laura Moretti. 2020. "Methodology and evidence from a case study in Rome to increase pedestrian safety along home-to-school routes." Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition) 7, no. 5: 715-727.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2020 in Sustainability
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The safety of at grade road intersections is a relevant issue with social, economic, and environmental implications. It is related to the behavior of a driver approaching an intersection that, in its turn, is affected by kinematic and physiological variables. This study proposes a model to calculate the intersection operation time (IOT) for typical non-signalized 4-leg and 3-leg (or T-leg) urban intersections. Data available in the literature have been considered in order to identify the points of interest and assess the number and the time of a driver’s eye fixation on them. When approaching an intersection, the probability of glancing in a particular area changes with the distance to the yield or stop line; for this reason, a probabilistic approach was used to model the phenomenon. All possible maneuvers have been considered: left turning, right turning, and through-movement. The proposed model allowed an objective comparison between time spent by drivers for various maneuvers and layout conditions, and identification of the critical conditions. Indeed, significant differences in terms of IOT were found: they could lead to modification of the traffic management considering different needs of road users, traffic demand, and geometrical and functional constraints.

ACS Style

Laura Moretti; Fabio Palazzi; Giuseppe Cantisani. Operating Times and Users’ Behavior at Urban Road Intersections. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4120 .

AMA Style

Laura Moretti, Fabio Palazzi, Giuseppe Cantisani. Operating Times and Users’ Behavior at Urban Road Intersections. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):4120.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Moretti; Fabio Palazzi; Giuseppe Cantisani. 2020. "Operating Times and Users’ Behavior at Urban Road Intersections." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4120.

Journal article
Published: 20 April 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
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In the road construction sector, soil treatment is a method for increasing the strength and durability of fine soils that would otherwise be waste: the treatment with lime allows building embankments with clayey soils. However, in-situ and laboratory tests should be carried out to verify the correct addiction of lime during earthworks. This study deals with SEM-EDS analyses in order to identify the most reliable method to prepare specimens and obtain relationship between added quicklime and Calcium content after treatment. A natural clayey soil has been tested: more than one thousand values of Calcium content have been analyzed with statistical approach. The results from one-way and two-way ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test confirmed the usefulness of SEM-EDS analyses to verify quickly the quantity of added quicklime in treated soils. The most reliable method for specimen preparation consists of a sequence of procedures similar to those that occur in worksite. The high variability of Ca content in the natural soil did not allow definition of a linear reliable relationship between the added quicklime and the after-treatment Ca content. Therefore, further experimentation is on-going to define a method based on SEM-EDS analyses and valid for clays with non-uniform chemical composition.

ACS Style

Laura Moretti; Massimiliano Conficconi; Stefano Natali; Antonio D'Andrea. Statistical analyses of SEM-EDS results to predict the quantity of added quicklime in a treated clayey soil. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 253, 118852 .

AMA Style

Laura Moretti, Massimiliano Conficconi, Stefano Natali, Antonio D'Andrea. Statistical analyses of SEM-EDS results to predict the quantity of added quicklime in a treated clayey soil. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 253 ():118852.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Moretti; Massimiliano Conficconi; Stefano Natali; Antonio D'Andrea. 2020. "Statistical analyses of SEM-EDS results to predict the quantity of added quicklime in a treated clayey soil." Construction and Building Materials 253, no. : 118852.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2020 in Applied Sciences
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The aim of this paper is to present the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analyses on a natural and lime-treated clay, in order to determine the percentage of lime able to stabilize soil. For this reason, XRD test analyses have been conducted on natural soil (TQ0) and on two different mixtures (TQ3 and TQ5): The former with 3% and the latter with 5% by mass of quicklime. These mixtures have been analyzed at different curing times: At the addition of lime (0 d), and after a mellowing period of 7 and 28 d. The obtained results show that 3% of CaO is the percentage of quicklime able to modify the material (initial consumption of lime (ICL)) and 5% of CaO is the percentage able to stabilize it (lime stabilization optimum (LSO)). Finally, SEM images allowed for the monitoring of the process of reactions between the soil and lime during the mellowing period, while EDS analyses validated the XRD results in terms of chemical composition of the examined soil. For the examined natural clay, statistical analysis of the obtained EDS results identified a linear regression curve between the added quicklime and the after-treatment Ca content. The proposed approach could be adopted to calculate the content of calcium after the treatment and verify the in situ-added CaO during roadworks or at the end of them.

ACS Style

Laura Moretti; Stefano Natali; Alice Tiberi; Antonio D’Andrea. Proposal for a Methodology Based on XRD and SEM-EDS to Monitor Effects of Lime-Treatment on Clayey Soils. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 2569 .

AMA Style

Laura Moretti, Stefano Natali, Alice Tiberi, Antonio D’Andrea. Proposal for a Methodology Based on XRD and SEM-EDS to Monitor Effects of Lime-Treatment on Clayey Soils. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (7):2569.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Moretti; Stefano Natali; Alice Tiberi; Antonio D’Andrea. 2020. "Proposal for a Methodology Based on XRD and SEM-EDS to Monitor Effects of Lime-Treatment on Clayey Soils." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7: 2569.

Journal article
Published: 20 March 2020 in Transportation Research Procedia
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This paper compared two approaches used to analyze a modular pedestrian pavement made of hexagonal basalt pavers. In presence of occasional heavy traffic roads, the pavement should be verified using methods currently used for road pavements. Different loading conditions were examined varying the geometry of the blocks, and the magnitude of the vertical load. In all cases, the results obtained from the analytical theory of Westergaard were higher than those obtained from a finite element model (FEM). Therefore, a parametric study was performed in order to use the analytical method as an alternative to the costly FEM approach. The results of comparison gave a correction factor, valid for hexagonal pavers: it permits to analytically estimate with good approximation the stresses induced by heavy loads applied to natural stone blocks.

ACS Style

Laura Moretti; Paola Di Mascio; Giuseppe Loprencipe; Pablo Zoccali. Theoretical analysis of stone pavers in pedestrian areas. Transportation Research Procedia 2020, 45, 169 -176.

AMA Style

Laura Moretti, Paola Di Mascio, Giuseppe Loprencipe, Pablo Zoccali. Theoretical analysis of stone pavers in pedestrian areas. Transportation Research Procedia. 2020; 45 ():169-176.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Moretti; Paola Di Mascio; Giuseppe Loprencipe; Pablo Zoccali. 2020. "Theoretical analysis of stone pavers in pedestrian areas." Transportation Research Procedia 45, no. : 169-176.

Review
Published: 10 October 2019 in Water
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Changes in weather patterns directly impact urban transport infrastructures. The increase in temperature and the ongoing precipitation changes should be handled and managed more frequently. In urban areas, most of the soil is impermeable and water hardly infiltrates into the subsoil. Permeable pavement is a technology that helps mitigate the effects of urban heat islands and surface impermeabilization. Porous concrete for pedestrian pavements ensures good structural, functional, and environmental performances. A pervious concrete mix differs from a conventional one in terms of the gradation of aggregates, namely, a lack of fine aggregates. The material porosity (on average 20%) causes compressive and flexural strengths lower than those of traditional concrete. The material is suitable for low-load pavements where the passage of motorized vehicles is forbidden or occasional. The pavement can be laid either monolithically or modularly, using two operating systems: returning water to underground aquifers and reducing runoff. The latter is the most frequently adopted in urban areas, where pedestrian and interdicted to motorized vehicle areas form a continuous and distributed network. In a common urban quarter, where 80% of the surface is impermeable, porous concrete pavements could cover up to 6% of the surface and provide architectural and aesthetic value for the environment.

ACS Style

Laura Moretti; Paola Di Mascio; Ciro Fusco. Porous Concrete for Pedestrian Pavements. Water 2019, 11, 2105 .

AMA Style

Laura Moretti, Paola Di Mascio, Ciro Fusco. Porous Concrete for Pedestrian Pavements. Water. 2019; 11 (10):2105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Moretti; Paola Di Mascio; Ciro Fusco. 2019. "Porous Concrete for Pedestrian Pavements." Water 11, no. 10: 2105.

Journal article
Published: 26 August 2019 in Sustainability
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Tunnel lighting represents a major cost item for road managers, and particularly in Italy owing to its specific geomorphological and orographic features. In 2018, ANAS, the Italian government-owned road company launched an ambitious program to rehabilitate the lighting systems of more than 700 tunnel tubes across Italy. The Greenlight plan aims to reduce consumption and improve the management of lighting systems while minimizing the impact of works. Outdated high-pressure sodium (HPS) luminaries will be substituted with state-of-the-art light emitting diode (LED) luminaries without modifying the position and the number of the existing luminaires. The project involves an amount of 155 million euros and provides a total return over a less than seven-year period. The first phase of the project involves 147 tubes and is still on-going: 28 GWh (on average 55% of the current consumption) will be saved every year against a 30 million euro investment. More importantly, the economic benefits also have a direct impact on the environment for citizens and safety levels for road users—every year more than 17,000 t of CO2 eq. and 230 TJ from combustion of fossil fuels will be saved. The lighting quality of the artificial lighting inside the tunnel will be enhanced thanks to better uniformity and the color temperature of the luminaries. The experience presented here could be useful since other road managers may pursue a similar approach in order to balance often-conflicting environmental, economic and safety goals.

ACS Style

Laura Moretti; Giuseppe Cantisani; Luigi Carrarini; Francesco Bezzi; Valentina Cherubini; Sebastiano Nicotra. Italian Road Tunnels: Economic and Environmental Effects of an On-Going Project to Reduce Lighting Consumption. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4631 .

AMA Style

Laura Moretti, Giuseppe Cantisani, Luigi Carrarini, Francesco Bezzi, Valentina Cherubini, Sebastiano Nicotra. Italian Road Tunnels: Economic and Environmental Effects of an On-Going Project to Reduce Lighting Consumption. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (17):4631.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Moretti; Giuseppe Cantisani; Luigi Carrarini; Francesco Bezzi; Valentina Cherubini; Sebastiano Nicotra. 2019. "Italian Road Tunnels: Economic and Environmental Effects of an On-Going Project to Reduce Lighting Consumption." Sustainability 11, no. 17: 4631.

Journal article
Published: 16 July 2019 in Applied Sciences
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In urban areas traffic-calming strategies and pedestrian friendly measures are often adopted to reduce the adverse impacts of motor vehicles on vulnerable users. This study surveyed 24 raised pedestrian crossings (RPCs) to examine their geometrical and functional characteristics. Geometric characteristics, location, administrative and effective vehicle speed, and the whole-body vibration acceleration induced to vehicle occupants while they are passing over, were considered. In addition to the analysis of the field data, geometrical and functional criteria to design RPCs were carried out. Particularly, two design approaches have been considered. In the first one, RPC provides a designated route across a carriageway raised to the same level, or close to the same level, as the sidewalks that provide access to the pedestrian crossing. In such condition, an RPC is not a traffic-calming device and its design should satisfy geometrical and comfort criteria for designing roads. The results from the surveys demonstrated that less than 10% of RPCs guarantee ride comfort. According to the second design approach, an RPC acts both as a marked pedestrian feature and as a traffic-calming device (i.e., it is trapezoidal in shape with sharp edges). The analysis of the vertical accelerations on vehicle occupants reveal that more than 90% of the surveyed RPCs comply with geometrical and dynamic criteria for speed tables. Extreme variations concerning the observed geometrical characteristics of RPCs and the modelled dynamic performances have been observed: It results in noneffective treatments. Therefore, the results of this study would contribute to providing geometric best practices for overcoming the regulation gap in this subject, and designing RPCs according to international standards.

ACS Style

Giuseppe Loprencipe; Laura Moretti; Antonio Pantuso; Eligio Banfi. Raised Pedestrian Crossings: Analysis of Their Characteristics on a Road Network and Geometric Sizing Proposal. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 2844 .

AMA Style

Giuseppe Loprencipe, Laura Moretti, Antonio Pantuso, Eligio Banfi. Raised Pedestrian Crossings: Analysis of Their Characteristics on a Road Network and Geometric Sizing Proposal. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (14):2844.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuseppe Loprencipe; Laura Moretti; Antonio Pantuso; Eligio Banfi. 2019. "Raised Pedestrian Crossings: Analysis of Their Characteristics on a Road Network and Geometric Sizing Proposal." Applied Sciences 9, no. 14: 2844.

Short communication
Published: 19 May 2019 in Case Studies in Construction Materials
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Airport pavements should satisfy safe and regular aircraft operations; thus, it is necessary to monitor these surfaces and implement expensive maintenance and rehabilitation works. The Airport Pavement Management System (APMS) is an approach to monitor the pavement condition and to determine the priorities for intervention, to plan, and to allocate resources through procedures. The method for monitoring pavement conditions is currently adopted by the airport management company because it is necessary to the airport operability. The study focuses on the paved network of an Italian airport that is composed of a runway, a parallel taxiway and five exit taxiways. Measures of load bearing capacity, transversal and longitudinal evenness, pavement-tire adherence, and pavement distresses were collected and merged to identify the needed maintenance and rehabilitation works. The results revealed the presence of critical sections, where several structural and functional distresses were. The needed structural and functional works involved the greater parts of the runway and the parallel taxiway, and two exit taxiways. Given the high operational impact of the needed works, they were scheduled to be conducted within three phases in order to minimize the impact on the traffic, reducing the closure period to 15 consecutive days. In general, the results summarized approaches typical of different conditions: the article has highlighted that the Pavement Management System (PMS) requires multiple analyses to consider various indices and correctly manage existing pavements having different competences to conduct comprehensive and appropriate analyses.

ACS Style

Paola Di Mascio; Laura Moretti. Implementation of a pavement management system for maintenance and rehabilitation of airport surfaces. Case Studies in Construction Materials 2019, 11, e00251 .

AMA Style

Paola Di Mascio, Laura Moretti. Implementation of a pavement management system for maintenance and rehabilitation of airport surfaces. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2019; 11 ():e00251.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paola Di Mascio; Laura Moretti. 2019. "Implementation of a pavement management system for maintenance and rehabilitation of airport surfaces." Case Studies in Construction Materials 11, no. : e00251.