Magnesium and its alloys have been identified as potential biodegradable implant materials for orthopaedic applications considering their bone equivalent density, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, the rapid corrosion rate of magnesium alloys in the physiological environment is a severe problem. This study attempts to simultaneously improve the microhardness and reduce the corrosion rate of AZ91D alloy by friction stir processing. Magnesium alloy AZ91D is friction stir processed by varying the process parameters namely tool rotation speed and tool traverse speed. The effects of friction stir processing parameters on the microstructural evolution, surface topography, microhardness, and corrosion rate of AZ91D alloy are investigated using the hybrid models, which are developed by integrating the quadratic function and radial basis function. The results indicate that the optimum process parameters for friction stir processing of AZ91D alloy is 750 rpm and 45 mm min ⁻¹ . Cytotoxicity test revealed that the biocompatibility of friction stir processed AZ91D alloy is in good agreement with the biocompatibility of the AZ91D alloy.

This article investigates the role of friction stir processing (FSP) process parameters on the evolution of microstructure, hardness, intergranular corrosion resistance and wear resistance of aluminium alloy AA5083. The FSP trials are performed by changing the process parameters as per face-centered central composite design. The friction stir processed (FSPed) specimens subjected to intergranular corrosion test and wear test are characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Outcomes suggest that grain refinement, dispersion and partial dissolution of secondary phase has simultaneously increased the hardness, intergranular corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the FSPed specimens. The study found that tool rotation speed of 700 rpm, tool traverse speed of 60 mm min⁻¹ and shoulder diameter of 15 mm results in maximum hardness, wear resistance and intergranular corrosion resistance.

Marine structures are constantly exposed to the corrosive effects of seawater, making effective corrosion protection crucial for their longevity and performance. Sacrificial anodes, commonly made of zinc, aluminum, or magnesium alloys, are widely employed to mitigate corrosion by sacrificing themselves to protect the steel structures. However, the selection and implementation of sacrificial anode materials present various challenges that need to be addressed. This paper explores the challenges associated with sacrificial anode materials for steel structures and provides potential solutions. To overcome these challenges, the paper proposes solutions such as using advanced alloy compositions, protective coatings, hybrid anode systems, and improved design considerations. Furthermore, the importance of monitoring techniques to assess the performance and remaining lifespan of sacrificial anodes is emphasized. Several case studies and experimental findings are discussed to illustrate the effectiveness and limitations of sacrificial anode materials based on zinc alloys, aluminum alloys, and magnesium alloys. The paper highlights the need for ongoing research and development efforts to address the evolving demands of corrosion protection in marine environments.

Effect of welding parameters on the mechanical and microstructural properties of friction stir welded AA-2014 joints R. Khan, M. B. Bhatty, F. Iqbal et al. Numerical Simulation of the Friction Stir Welding Process Using Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian Method M Iordache, C Badulescu, D Iacomi et al. Artificial neural networks application for modeling of friction stir welding effects on mechanical properties of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy E Maleki Effect of friction stir processing on tribological properties of Al-Si alloys S M Aktarer, D M Sekban, H Yanar et al.