The stubborn and complex structure of lignocellulose hinders the valorization of each component of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the biorefinery industries. Therefore, efficient pretreatment is an essential and prerequisite step for lignocellulose biorefinery. Recently, a considerable number of studies have focused on peroxyacetic acid (PAA) pretreatment in lignocellulose fractionation and some breakthroughs have been achieved in recent decades. In this article, we aim to highlight the challenges of PAA pretreatment and propose a roadmap towards lignocellulose fractionation by PAA for future research. As a novel promising pretreatment method towards lignocellulosic fractionation, PAA is a strong oxidizing agent that can selectively remove lignin and hemicellulose from lignocellulose, retaining intact cellulose for downstream upgrading. PAA in lignocellulose pretreatment can be divided into commercial PAA, chemical activation PAA, and enzymatic in-situ generation of PAA. Each PAA for lignocellulose fractionation shows its own advantages and disadvantages. To meet the theme of green chemistry, enzymatic in-situ generation of PAA has aroused a great deal of enthusiasm in lignocellulose fractionation. Furthermore, mass balance and techno-economic analyses are discussed in order to evaluate the feasibility of PAA pretreatment in lignocellulose fractionation. Ultimately, some perspectives and opportunities are proposed to address the existing limitations in PAA pretreatment towards biomass biorefinery valorization. In summary, from the views of green chemistry, enzymatic in-situ generation of PAA will become a cutting-edge topic research in the lignocellulose fractionation in future.

Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is a toxic plasticizer and androgen antagonist. Its accumulation in water exceeds national drinking water standards and it must be continuously and effectively regulated. Currently, methods used to detect DEHP are still unsatisfactory because they usually have limited detection sensitivity and require complex operating procedures. A competition-induced fluorescence detection method was developed for the selective detection of DEHP in an aquatic environment. An aptamer with walking function was used as the recognition element for DEHP, and its quantification was induced by competition to change the fluorescence signal. The detection range was 0.01~100 µg/L, and the detection limit was 1.008 μg/L. This high-sensitivity DEHP detection capability and simplified process facilitates real-time fields and other monitoring tasks.