The fidelity of a maritime simulator refers to how realistic the representation of a vessel and its environment look, behave, and feel in real life. Despite the benefits of using simulators in maritime training and education, there is a lack of understanding of different debates on whether higher levels of fidelity translate into better training outcomes. Therefore, to investigate and summarise what is known about maritime simulator fidelity, we conducted a systematic literature review on the maritime simulator-based training literature from 2005 to 2021. We performed bibliometric, authorship, and content analyses of thirty-six references, including white and grey literature. The results show that simulator fidelity is divided into physical and functional fidelity. While the former includes the ergonomics layout of the bridge, visual system, vessel manoeuvrability, and hydrographic modelling, the latter involves training program design, simulator session design, and the role of the instructor. The results reveal that there is no prevalent tradition in the literature, a low number of citations, and the references are dispersed among many publications, authors, and institutions. Despite the fact that the prevalence of studies employing high-fidelity simulators can positively impact training, most of the studies are based on subjective evaluation, if any evidence is provided, and were produced by Scandinavian and European institutions and researchers. To address these limitations, we propose a research agenda containing three recommendations.

By focusing on the intrinsic relationship between business models and network configurations in the airline industry, this paper develops a two-stage methodology to estimate the strategic drivers of network design of the major carriers in Brazil. The empirical approach decomposes their domestic network-building rationales into the ones adopted by virtual archetypical carriers. We consider the previously conceived low-cost, full-service, and regional carrier archetypes. Our main contribution is the development of a model that allows airlines’ networks to be strategically designed in a time-evolving pattern, reflecting a dynamically chosen blend of these archetypes. Moreover, we also consider the effects that mergers and acquisitions may have had in inducing changes in these blends. Our results suggest that all analyzed airlines have repositioned themselves through their trajectories to adopt a hybrid configuration, aiming at the intersection of at least two archetypical network-design rationales. Besides, the effects of consolidations point to certain diversions of the acquiring airlines’ domestic network-building rationales toward the ones of the acquired carriers, providing evidence that the consolidations may have served as stepping stones for market-repositioning moves.

In Sweden, the sustainability of industries has grown in prominence, especially since 2017, as goals for decarbonisation began to be set for the following decades. In the public's opinion, the aviation industry has suffered through negative portrayals as a massive polluting and unnecessary industry. As such, particular care and action should be taken to swiftly implement changes to allow the system to grow sustainably rather than suffer through excessively restrictive measures. This chapter addresses the challenges and lessons learnt from this case study through the lens of Kotter's 8-step change model, contrasting the strategies undertaken by the aviation industry in Sweden and worldwide.

In reviews of research into air transport and tourism, there is a predominance of contributions examining airline business models. Discussions have been focused on business models’ implications for passenger experience and behaviour, network expansion and connectivity, and regional and tourism development. Indeed, low-cost carriers (LCCs) have enabled low-cost mobility on short-haul routes, transforming behaviours of leisure and business passengers alike. These carriers have, to some extent, taken away demand for full-service network carriers (FSNCs). Their ability to shift demand from other modes of transport and create new air travel demand is noteworthy. Conversely, FSNCs have shaped travel patterns in long-haul markets – their last refuge against LCCs, given cost-reduction challenges. The stimulation of air transport enabled a range of effects on the tourism industry. These have included the operation of new destinations, either by opening markets previously unserved by air transport or establishing regions as tourist destinations. Some FSNCs have implemented vertical strategies, operating hotels and tourist attractions.