Background: Obesity is very common worldwide and is related to critical morbidity and mortality. It has a large number of impacts on the human body. Constipation has a prevalence from 4% to 29% in various parts of the world and is considered to be a major health problem, with an estimated incidence of 5% in males and 15% in females. There is a strong association between obesity and constipation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of physical activity and a low-calorie diet on constipation in middle-aged obese women. Methods: This study included 125 obese women (age 20–40 years) who had chronic constipation. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A included 62 women who received a suggested protocol of physical activity, a low-calorie diet, and the routine standard care for constipation, whereas Group B included 63 women who received only the standard medical care for constipation and a low-calorie diet. Both groups followed the program for 12 weeks. Changes in the Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms (PAC-SYM) and Patient Assessment Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) scores, and in the body mass index (BMI) were recorded in study subjects, both at baseline and at the end of the study program. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline characteristics of patients in the two groups. After 12 weeks of intervention, both groups showed significant intragroup differences (p < 0.05) in all of the measured variables, except the BMI which showed a nonsignificant difference (p > 0.05) in Group B. Between-groups comparison showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in all of the measured parameters in favor of Group A. Conclusion: Physical activity and weight reduction improve PAC-SYM and PAC-QOL scores in middle-aged, premenopausal women with constipation in the short term (up to 12 weeks).

To compare the effects of low intensity ultrasound (LIUS), traditional exercise therapy (TET), low level laser therapy (LLLT) and TET on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and trismus following recovery from head and neck cancer (HNC). Sixty participants following, who had experienced HNC, were randomly allocated to three groups of 20 people each. Each group received different therapy. Group A received LIUS and TET; group B received LLLT and TET; while group C received TET. All 60 participants were evaluated under the visual analog scale (VAS), the University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire (UW-QOL) and the Vernier caliper scale (VCS) at the beginning of the therapies and after 4 weeks. ANOVA test revealed significant improvements across all three groups with outcomes of p0.05). The VCS results showed more improvement for the individuals in group B as compared to those in group C (p0.05). The LIUS and TET are more effective than LLLT and/or TET in reducing TMJ pain and trismus following HNC.

Objectives: Nigella sativa oil, ultrasound, and moist-exposed burn ointment (MEBO) have been suggested as noninvasive treatments for a number of inflammatory conditions and to accelerate wound healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of pulsed and continuous modes of ultrasound either alone or through phonophoresis, with N. sativa oil, or MEBO ointment in the treatment of chemical burns. Methods: Thirty-five local rabbits were randomly divided into seven equal groups: pulsed ultrasound, continuous ultrasound, topical N. sativa oil, pulsed phonophoresis, continuous phonophoresis, topical MEBO ointment, and control group. Wound surface area was measured on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 using metric graph paper and photographs. Results: Significant differences were found between pre- and post-treatment wounds in all groups, except for the control group, in favor of the pulsed phonophoresis. In contrast, low results were found in favor of continuous ultrasound. Conclusion: Ultrasound, topical application of N. sativa oil, phonophoresis, and MEBO ointment have the potential to accelerate wound healing induced by chemical burns. Such treatment modalities may be used to treat wounds.

Background: A significant number of men who are younger than 50 years visit urologists for interminable prostatitis. This study aimed to thoroughly investigate the effect of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) phonophoresis on chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNBP). Subjects and methods: Sixty patients with CNBP were randomly assigned to three groups: Group A, wherein patients were treated with PSO using phonophoresis; Group B, where patients underwent trans-perineal continuous low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS); and Group C, wherein patients underwent placebo LIUS. All three groups received their corresponding treatments daily for up to 3 weeks. The NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), residual urine determined by urodynamic measurements, and flow rate were used to analyze study outcomes. The white blood cell (WBC) count in the prostatic secretion was determined. Results: Comparisons of the intragroup mean values of all measurements in Groups A and B before and after the end of the treatment showed a significant improvement in residual urine, flow rate, WBC count, and NIH-CPSI (p < 0.05), whereas no significant change was found in Group C (p > 0.05). Between-group comparisons of all variables showed a significant difference was found after intervention (p < 0.05). Postintervention comparisons between Groups A and B showed a significant difference in all measurements, except for WBC, in favor of Group A. Comparing the changes between Groups A and C, a significant difference was found in all measurements (p < 0.05). Furthermore, all parameters differed significantly when comparing Groups B and C (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The current study showed that PSO phonophoresis can produce a significant effect in the management of CNBP and can, therefore, be considered a safe, noninvasive method for the treatment of CNBP.

[Purpose] To investigate the effect of pulsed electromagnetic field with or without exercise therapy in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. [Subjects and Methods] Sixty male patients aged 55–65 years with benign prostatic hyperplasia were invited to participate in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to Group A (n=20; patients who received pulsed electromagnetic field in addition to pelvic floor and aerobic exercises), Group B (n=20; patients who received pulsed electromagnetic field), and Group C (n=20; patients who received placebo electromagnetic field). The assessments included post-void residual urine, urine flow rate, prostate specific antigen, white blood cells count, and International Prostate Symptom Score were weighed, before and after a 4-week intervention. [Results] There were significant differences in Group A and B in all parameters. Group C showed non-significant differences in all measured variables except for International Prostate Symptom Score. Among groups, all parameters showed highly significant differences in favor of Group A. There were non-significant differences between Group A and B and significant difference between Groups A and C and between Groups B and C. [Conclusion] The present study demonstrated that electromagnetic field had a significant impact on the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Accordingly, electromagnetic field can be utilized alone or in combination with other physiotherapy modalities. Moreover, clinicians should have the capacity to perceive the advantages accomplished using extra treatment alternatives. Electromagnetic field is a safe, noninvasive method and can be used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Background and Objectives: Patients with diabetes polyneuropathy are at a heightened risk for developing foot ulcers, often due to dynamic plantar foot pressure patterns that lead to increased pressure and shear forces in specific foot areas. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of foot insoles on peak pressure and the pressure–time integral in patients with polyneuropathy diabetic foot ulcers over a twelve-week period followed by an eight-week follow up. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial involving 60 patients aged between 50 and 65 years of both genders. Inclusion criteria included midfoot ulcer grades II or III, a history of polyneuropathy diabetic foot ulcers lasting between six months and one year, diabetes duration of seven to ten years, glycated hemoglobin levels between 7% and 9%, and a body mass index (BMI) ranging from 25 to 30 kg/m². Participants were randomly assigned to either the study group, which received foot insoles along with medication and wound care, or the control group, which received only medication and wound care. Measurements of peak pressure and pressure–time integrals were taken at the start of this study, after twelve weeks, and again eight weeks post-study. Results: The results indicated significant differences in peak pressure and pressure–time integral measurements for the rearfoot, midfoot, hallux, and both medial and lateral forefoot areas after twelve weeks of using foot insoles compared to the control group. This suggests that the use of foot insoles effectively reduces peak pressure and the pressure–time integral in these critical areas. Conclusions: The findings of this study support the use of foot insoles as a beneficial intervention for decreasing peak pressure and the pressure–time integral on the hallux, medial, and lateral forefoot in patients with polyneuropathic diabetic foot ulcers, and they could play a crucial role in preventing further complications.