Background and aims: The intervertebral disk degeneration is a pathological process determined by a decrease of mucopolysaccharides in the nucleus pulposus with the consequent dehydration and degeneration of the elastic fibers in the annulus fibrosus of the disk. The laser is a therapeutic tool that has, on the treated tissues, biostimulation effects with an increase of oxidative phosphorylation and production of ATP with an acceleration of the mucopolysaccharides synthesis with a consequent rehydration, biostimulation and production of new elastic fibers. The goal of this project is studying whether the laser stimulation may treat degenerated intervertebral disks.Materials and methods: 60 subjects with the same anthropometric parameters were selected and divided into two randomized groups. 30 subjects underwent laser stimulation, whereas 30 underwent placebo. All 60 subjects underwent a discectomy surgery and the intraoperative findings were examined in a lab, studying the positivity of the PAS reaction and the presence of potential newly formed elastic fibers.Results: It has been shown a higher number of mucopolysaccharides and young newly formed elastic fibers in the group that was treated with laser irradiation with a statistically significant difference, compared to the placebo group (p< 0.0001).Conclusions: Laser biostimulation can be an effective strategy in the therapy of the invertebral disks.

I am pleased to submit for your attention this letter about the potential employment of homeopathy in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This observation stems from the evaluation of meaningful evidence: one of the main alterations in patients with COVID-19 is interstitial pneumonia with an abnormal hyperergic response of the immune system. This specific kind of pneumonia is the regular viral infection of the lungs and it is not a distinguishing type derived from a new kind of virus.[1] In fact, considering the pathology classification of pneumonia processes, it is clear that there are significant factors which set apart a bacterial pneumonia and a viral pneumonia. Bacterial pneumonia produces acute alveolar damage and alveolar infiltration; on the other hand, viral pneumonia is always characterized by interstitial infiltration and it compromises the compliance function of the lung. In patients with COVID-19, the typical data show a hyperergic immune response and not an interstitial inhibition of the lung. In many cases, the conventional therapies administered until now have not improved the interstitial edema. It is still not clear how to produce an effective and safe immunosuppressive effect to treat the hyperergic pathological immune response due to COVID-19. The strategy for treating patients who exhibit such symptoms is not clear-cut. In examining the state-of-the-art scientific literature, there is a dispute over an absolute treatment that would work for almost everyone. For example, some studies have highlighted relevant side effects in patients who have been affected after receiving immunosuppressors and interleukin-based therapies.[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] One of these side effects is cytokine release syndrome, which refers to an uncontrolled and overwhelming release of pro-inflammatory mediators by an overly activated immune system. Other authors underline that in most cases anti-viral therapy alone may be inadequate. Therapies based on corticosteroids and serotherapy are not clearly stated. More than half of SARS patients treated with corticosteroids suffer from joint pain and bone marrow abnormalities. Other therapies aiming to dampen excessive serum inflammatory mediators, such as plasmapheresis or continuous renal replacement therapy, either require specific equipment or lack documented efficacy. An important limitation to the administration of the therapies tested so far is that they do not always interact well with the drugs that patients with pre-existing medical conditions were taking. I am specialized in Thoracic Surgery and Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine. I have treated many interstitial pneumonia cases and I also studied their anatomical pathology in cadaveric dissections.[7] During these years of clinical practice, I integrated three homeopathic medicines, Arsenicum album, Stannum, and Ribes nigrum. When treating patients with such a disease, I found that they were quite beneficial. The patients with interstitial restrictive pneumonia who did not respond well to previous conventional therapy improved greatly, both in subjective symptoms and functional respiratory outcomes. The rational use of these remedies could be effective,[8] considering that Ribes produces an effect similar to cortisone and can reduce both the inflammatory response and the hyperergic immune response. According to materia medica reports on Stannum, “Debility is very marked when Stannum is the remedy, especially the debility of chronic bronchial and pulmonary conditions, characterized by profuse muco-purulent discharges”. And on Arsenicum album: “Air passages constricted. Asthma worse at night. Burning in chest. Suffocative catarrh. Cough worse after midnight; worse if lying on the back. Expectoration. Wheezing respiration”. In conclusion, in the hopes that my letter might evoke an experimental clinical trial, my suggestion is that the association of these homeopathic medicines with conventional therapies may potentially improve the pneumonia in COVID-19 non-responder patients, especially in the early stages of the disease. Received: 27 August 2020 Accepted: 01 September 2020 Publication Date: 21 December 2020 (online) © 2020. Faculty of Homeopathy. This article is published by Thieme. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

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