A new series of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives 5a–f based on benzothiazole were synthesized by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of S-propargyl mercaptobenzothiazole and α-halo ester/amide in moderate to good yields (47–75%). The structure of all products was characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and CHN elemental data. This protocol is easy and green and proceeds under mild and green reaction conditions with available starting materials. The structural and electronic analysis and ¹H and ¹³C chemical shifts of the characterized structure of 5e were also calculated by applying the B3LYP/6-31 + G(d, p) level of density functional theory (DFT) method. In the final section, all the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity by biochemical COX-2 inhibition, antifungal inhibition with CYP51, anti-tuberculosis target protein ENR, DPRE1, pks13, and Thymidylate kinase by molecular docking studies. The ADMET analysis of the molecules 5a–f revealed that 5d and 5a are the most-promising drug-like molecules out of the six synthesized molecules.